CVE-2025-4907 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.1 of the PHPGurukul Daily Expense Tracker System, specifically within the /forgot-password.php functionality. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'email' parameter, which is directly used in SQL queries. An attacker can manipulate this parameter remotely without any authentication or user interaction to inject malicious SQL code. This can lead to unauthorized access to the underlying database, allowing attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive data, potentially compromising user credentials and other personal information stored by the expense tracker system. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, increasing the risk of exploitation, although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, primarily because the attack vector is network-based, requires no privileges or user interaction, but the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited to low to medium. The scope is unchanged, meaning the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component without extending to other system components.

For European organizations using the PHPGurukul Daily Expense Tracker System version 1.1, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality and integrity of financial and personal data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive user information, manipulation of financial records, and potential disruption of expense tracking operations. This could result in financial losses, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR violations due to data breaches), reputational damage, and legal consequences. Organizations relying on this system for internal financial management or customer expense tracking should be particularly vigilant, as attackers could leverage this vulnerability to gain footholds within their networks or exfiltrate critical data. The remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit increases the threat level, especially for organizations with internet-facing instances of the application.

Given the absence of an official patch, European organizations should implement immediate compensating controls. These include: 1) Restricting access to the /forgot-password.php endpoint via network-level controls such as firewalls or web application firewalls (WAF) with rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the 'email' parameter. 2) Employ input validation and sanitization at the application layer, ensuring that the 'email' parameter conforms strictly to valid email formats and disallowing any SQL control characters. 3) Implement parameterized queries or prepared statements in the application code to prevent SQL injection. 4) Monitor application logs for suspicious activity related to password reset requests. 5) Conduct regular security assessments and penetration tests focusing on injection flaws. 6) Plan and prioritize upgrading or patching the system once an official fix is released. 7) Consider isolating or replacing the vulnerable system if it handles highly sensitive data or is critical to business operations.