CVE-2025-49125VulnerabilityPublished 16 Jun 2025Updated 3 Nov 2025

CVE-2025-49125: Apache Tomcat · Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel

Affects Apache TomcatSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 7.5 High · fixed in 11.0.8 : patch Apache Tomcat soon.

Data as of 25 Oct 2026, 19:02 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

7.5High

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 3.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 88% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.
Patch: Available – fixed in 11.0.8

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: High
Integrity: None
Availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable component is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed 'remotely exploitable' and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: High: There is total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the impacted component being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 16 Jun 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 2026-10-25.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
Mavenorg.apache.tomcat/tomcat`pkg:maven/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat`Other threats	Affected =8.5.0 <=8.5.100 =9.0.0-M1 <=9.0.105 =10.1.0-M1 <=10.1.41 =11.0.0-M1 <=11.0.7	Fixed in–

Check your own hosts for these packages with threat-finder (opens in a new tab), our free open-source scanner.

AI-suggested

The primary mitigation is to upgrade Apache Tomcat to the fixed versions 11.0.8, 10.1.42, or 9.0.106 as soon as possible. Organizations should audit their web applications to identify any use of PreResources or PostResources mounted at non-root paths and verify that security constraints are correctly applied to all resource paths. Implement strict access control policies and consider additional application-layer protections such as Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block unusual path traversal attempts. Conduct thorough penetration testing and code reviews focusing on resource mounting and access control configurations. Monitor network traffic and logs for anomalous access patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. For environments where immediate upgrade is not feasible, consider isolating vulnerable Tomcat instances behind network segmentation and restricting access to trusted users only. Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to quickly address any potential breaches resulting from exploitation.

Description

Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. When using PreResources or PostResources mounted other than at the root of the web application, it was possible to access those resources via an unexpected path. That path was likely not to be protected by the same security constraints as the expected path, allowing those security constraints to be bypassed. This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.7, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.41, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.105. The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are known to be affected: 8.5.0 through 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions may also be affected. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.8, 10.1.42 or 9.0.106, which fix the issue.

Impact

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-49125 is significant due to the widespread use of Apache Tomcat in enterprise, government, and critical infrastructure environments. Unauthorized access to protected resources can lead to exposure of sensitive data, including personal information, intellectual property, or internal application logic, potentially violating GDPR and other data protection regulations. The confidentiality breach could damage organizational reputation, result in regulatory fines, and facilitate further attacks such as data exfiltration or lateral movement within networks. Since the vulnerability does not affect integrity or availability, direct system disruption is unlikely; however, the loss of confidentiality alone is critical. The ease of remote exploitation without authentication increases the risk of automated scanning and attacks. European sectors with high reliance on Tomcat for web services, such as finance, healthcare, public administration, and telecommunications, are particularly vulnerable. The vulnerability also poses risks to cloud-hosted applications and managed services operating within Europe, where compliance and data sovereignty are paramount.

CWE-288Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel (opens in a new tab)
Base weaknessOWASP Top 10 A07:2025: Authentication Failures (opens in a new tab)
The product requires authentication, but the product has an alternate path or channel that does not require authentication.
Architecture and Design
Funnel all access through a single choke point to simplify how users can access a resource. For every access, perform a check to determine if the user has permissions to access the resource.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
OWASP Authentication (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V1.2.3 (opens in a new tab)
V1.2.2 (opens in a new tab)
V1.2.4 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
Directory Indexing (opens in a new tab)
Exploitation of Thunderbolt Protection Flaws (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

Community reviews

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 6 Nov 2025, 01:45 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-288

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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