CVE-2025-49139: CWE-1021: Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames in haxtheweb issues
HAX CMS PHP allows users to manage their microsite universe with a PHP backend. Prior to version 11.0.0, in the HAX site editor, users can create a website block to load another site in an iframe. The application allows users to supply a target URL in the website block. When the HAX site is visited, the client's browser will query the supplied URL. An authenticated attacker can create a HAX site with a website block pointing at an attacker-controlled server running Responder or a similar tool. The attacker can then conduct a phishing attack by convincing another user to visit their malicious HAX site to harvest credentials. Version 11.0.0 contains a patch for the issue.
AI Analysis
Technical Summary
CVE-2025-49139 is a medium-severity vulnerability affecting versions of the HAX CMS PHP platform prior to 11.0.0. The vulnerability arises from improper restriction of rendered UI layers or frames (CWE-1021) in the HAX site editor component. Specifically, the site editor allows authenticated users to create website blocks that load external sites within iframes by specifying a target URL. This functionality lacks sufficient validation or restriction on the URLs that can be embedded. Consequently, an authenticated attacker can craft a malicious HAX site containing a website block that points to an attacker-controlled server, such as one running Responder or similar tools designed to capture credentials. When another user visits this malicious HAX site, their browser automatically queries the attacker-controlled URL within the iframe, enabling the attacker to conduct phishing attacks and harvest sensitive credentials. The attack requires the attacker to have authenticated access to create the malicious site block and relies on social engineering to lure victims to visit the compromised HAX site. The vulnerability does not affect confidentiality or integrity of the HAX CMS backend directly but compromises end-user credentials through client-side exploitation. The issue was addressed in HAX CMS PHP version 11.0.0 by patching the iframe URL handling to prevent unsafe embedding of attacker-controlled content. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 5.3 (medium), reflecting network attack vector, high attack complexity, no privileges required, user interaction required, and high impact on confidentiality but no impact on integrity or availability.
Potential Impact
For European organizations using HAX CMS PHP versions prior to 11.0.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to end-user credential confidentiality. Attackers with authenticated access can embed malicious iframes that lead to phishing attacks targeting internal users or customers, potentially resulting in credential theft and subsequent unauthorized access to corporate resources. This can lead to lateral movement, data breaches, or fraud if harvested credentials are reused. The attack vector is client-side, relying on users visiting compromised microsites, which may be part of internal or public-facing web properties. The impact is particularly concerning for organizations with large user bases or those relying on HAX CMS for microsite management in sectors such as finance, government, or critical infrastructure, where credential compromise can have cascading effects. Although the vulnerability does not directly compromise system integrity or availability, the indirect consequences of credential theft can be severe, including reputational damage, regulatory penalties under GDPR for inadequate protection of user data, and operational disruptions.
Mitigation Recommendations
European organizations should immediately upgrade all HAX CMS PHP installations to version 11.0.0 or later to apply the official patch addressing this vulnerability. Until upgrades are completed, restrict authenticated user permissions to prevent unauthorized creation or modification of website blocks that embed external URLs. Implement strict URL validation and content security policies (CSP) to restrict iframe sources to trusted domains only. Conduct user awareness training to recognize phishing attempts originating from embedded iframes within microsites. Monitor web server and application logs for unusual iframe embedding activities or access patterns to attacker-controlled domains. Employ network-level controls such as DNS filtering or proxy rules to block known malicious domains used in phishing campaigns. Additionally, enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all users to reduce the impact of credential compromise. Regularly audit HAX CMS configurations and user roles to minimize the risk of privilege abuse.
Affected Countries
Germany, France, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Sweden
CVE-2025-49139: CWE-1021: Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames in haxtheweb issues
Description
HAX CMS PHP allows users to manage their microsite universe with a PHP backend. Prior to version 11.0.0, in the HAX site editor, users can create a website block to load another site in an iframe. The application allows users to supply a target URL in the website block. When the HAX site is visited, the client's browser will query the supplied URL. An authenticated attacker can create a HAX site with a website block pointing at an attacker-controlled server running Responder or a similar tool. The attacker can then conduct a phishing attack by convincing another user to visit their malicious HAX site to harvest credentials. Version 11.0.0 contains a patch for the issue.
AI-Powered Analysis
Technical Analysis
CVE-2025-49139 is a medium-severity vulnerability affecting versions of the HAX CMS PHP platform prior to 11.0.0. The vulnerability arises from improper restriction of rendered UI layers or frames (CWE-1021) in the HAX site editor component. Specifically, the site editor allows authenticated users to create website blocks that load external sites within iframes by specifying a target URL. This functionality lacks sufficient validation or restriction on the URLs that can be embedded. Consequently, an authenticated attacker can craft a malicious HAX site containing a website block that points to an attacker-controlled server, such as one running Responder or similar tools designed to capture credentials. When another user visits this malicious HAX site, their browser automatically queries the attacker-controlled URL within the iframe, enabling the attacker to conduct phishing attacks and harvest sensitive credentials. The attack requires the attacker to have authenticated access to create the malicious site block and relies on social engineering to lure victims to visit the compromised HAX site. The vulnerability does not affect confidentiality or integrity of the HAX CMS backend directly but compromises end-user credentials through client-side exploitation. The issue was addressed in HAX CMS PHP version 11.0.0 by patching the iframe URL handling to prevent unsafe embedding of attacker-controlled content. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 5.3 (medium), reflecting network attack vector, high attack complexity, no privileges required, user interaction required, and high impact on confidentiality but no impact on integrity or availability.
Potential Impact
For European organizations using HAX CMS PHP versions prior to 11.0.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to end-user credential confidentiality. Attackers with authenticated access can embed malicious iframes that lead to phishing attacks targeting internal users or customers, potentially resulting in credential theft and subsequent unauthorized access to corporate resources. This can lead to lateral movement, data breaches, or fraud if harvested credentials are reused. The attack vector is client-side, relying on users visiting compromised microsites, which may be part of internal or public-facing web properties. The impact is particularly concerning for organizations with large user bases or those relying on HAX CMS for microsite management in sectors such as finance, government, or critical infrastructure, where credential compromise can have cascading effects. Although the vulnerability does not directly compromise system integrity or availability, the indirect consequences of credential theft can be severe, including reputational damage, regulatory penalties under GDPR for inadequate protection of user data, and operational disruptions.
Mitigation Recommendations
European organizations should immediately upgrade all HAX CMS PHP installations to version 11.0.0 or later to apply the official patch addressing this vulnerability. Until upgrades are completed, restrict authenticated user permissions to prevent unauthorized creation or modification of website blocks that embed external URLs. Implement strict URL validation and content security policies (CSP) to restrict iframe sources to trusted domains only. Conduct user awareness training to recognize phishing attempts originating from embedded iframes within microsites. Monitor web server and application logs for unusual iframe embedding activities or access patterns to attacker-controlled domains. Employ network-level controls such as DNS filtering or proxy rules to block known malicious domains used in phishing campaigns. Additionally, enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all users to reduce the impact of credential compromise. Regularly audit HAX CMS configurations and user roles to minimize the risk of privilege abuse.
Affected Countries
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Technical Details
- Data Version
- 5.1
- Assigner Short Name
- GitHub_M
- Date Reserved
- 2025-06-02T10:39:41.634Z
- Cvss Version
- 3.1
- State
- PUBLISHED
Threat ID: 68487f541b0bd07c3938a0a1
Added to database: 6/10/2025, 6:54:12 PM
Last enriched: 7/10/2025, 11:50:18 PM
Last updated: 8/11/2025, 12:37:17 PM
Views: 16
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