CVE-2025-4925 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.1 of the PHPGurukul Daily Expense Tracker System, specifically within the /expense-monthwise-reports-detailed.php file. The vulnerability arises due to improper sanitization or validation of user-supplied input parameters 'fromdate' and 'todate'. An attacker can remotely manipulate these parameters to inject malicious SQL code, potentially altering the intended SQL query execution. This can lead to unauthorized data access, data modification, or even complete compromise of the underlying database. The vulnerability does not require any authentication or user interaction, making it exploitable by any remote attacker with network access to the affected web application. Although the CVSS 4.0 score is 6.9 (medium severity), the impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is limited but non-negligible due to the possibility of data leakage or corruption. The vulnerability has been publicly disclosed, but no known exploits are currently reported in the wild. The lack of available patches or updates from the vendor increases the urgency for organizations to implement mitigations. Given that the affected product is a niche expense tracking system, the attack surface is limited to organizations or individuals using this specific software version. However, the vulnerability exemplifies common risks associated with insecure coding practices in web applications handling financial data.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Daily Expense Tracker System 1.1, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive financial data, potentially exposing confidential expense records. This could lead to privacy violations under GDPR if personal or financial data is compromised. Integrity of financial records could be undermined, affecting accounting accuracy and decision-making. Availability impact is less likely but possible if the database is manipulated to cause application failures. Organizations in finance, SMEs, or departments relying on this software for expense tracking could face operational disruptions and reputational damage. Since the exploit requires no authentication and can be launched remotely, attackers could leverage this vulnerability to gain footholds or pivot within internal networks if the application is exposed externally. The medium severity rating suggests moderate risk, but the lack of patches and public disclosure increases the urgency for European entities to assess exposure and implement mitigations promptly.

1. Immediate mitigation should include restricting external access to the affected application, ideally placing it behind a VPN or firewall rules limiting access to trusted internal IPs. 2. Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting 'fromdate' and 'todate' parameters. 3. If possible, apply input validation and sanitization on these parameters at the application or proxy level to reject malformed or suspicious inputs. 4. Conduct a code review and patch the vulnerable code by using parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. 5. Monitor application logs for unusual query patterns or errors indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Plan for an upgrade or replacement of the PHPGurukul Daily Expense Tracker System with a secure, maintained alternative if vendor patches are unavailable. 7. Educate relevant IT staff about the vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include this threat. 8. Regularly back up databases and ensure backups are secure to enable recovery in case of data corruption.