CVE-2025-49368 is a vulnerability classified as Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP programs, specifically affecting the AncoraThemes Palladio WordPress theme up to version 1.1.10. The flaw allows Local File Inclusion (LFI), where an attacker can manipulate the filename parameter used in PHP include or require statements to load arbitrary files from the local filesystem. This occurs because the theme does not properly validate or sanitize user-supplied input controlling the file path, enabling attackers to traverse directories and include sensitive files such as configuration files, password files, or even PHP scripts that can be executed. Although no Remote File Inclusion (RFI) is explicitly confirmed, the vulnerability's nature can lead to remote code execution if combined with other weaknesses or misconfigurations. The vulnerability was reserved in June 2025 and published in December 2025, with no CVSS score assigned yet and no known exploits in the wild. The absence of a patch link indicates that a fix may not be publicly available at this time. The risk is heightened for websites running the Palladio theme, which is used in WordPress environments, a popular CMS platform. Attackers exploiting this vulnerability can gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, execute arbitrary code, or escalate privileges, potentially compromising the entire web server and connected systems.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant threat to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of web applications using the Palladio theme. Exploitation can lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information such as credentials, configuration files, or customer data. It may also allow attackers to execute arbitrary PHP code, leading to full system compromise, defacement, or use of the server as a pivot point for further attacks. Organizations relying on WordPress for public-facing websites, intranets, or e-commerce platforms are particularly vulnerable. The impact is amplified in sectors with strict data protection regulations like GDPR, where breaches can result in heavy fines and reputational damage. Additionally, the vulnerability could disrupt business operations if exploited to deface websites or launch denial-of-service attacks. The lack of a patch increases the window of exposure, making timely mitigation critical. Given the widespread use of WordPress in Europe, the threat surface is considerable, especially for SMEs and public sector entities that may not have robust patch management processes.

To mitigate CVE-2025-49368, organizations should first monitor official AncoraThemes and WordPress security advisories for patches and apply them immediately upon release. Until a patch is available, implement strict input validation and sanitization on any user-controllable parameters that influence file inclusion paths. Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block LFI attack patterns, such as directory traversal sequences and suspicious file inclusion attempts. Restrict file system permissions to prevent the web server user from accessing sensitive files outside the web root. Disable PHP functions that facilitate file inclusion if not required, such as include(), require(), and their variants, or use PHP configuration directives to limit file access. Conduct regular security audits and code reviews of customizations to the Palladio theme or other plugins. Additionally, implement logging and alerting mechanisms to detect anomalous file access or errors indicative of exploitation attempts. For high-risk environments, consider isolating WordPress instances in containerized or sandboxed environments to limit potential damage.