CVE-2025-49480 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability classified under CWE-125, found in ASR's Falcon_Linux, Kestrel, and Lapwing_Linux products prior to version 1536. The vulnerability resides in the LTE telephony module, specifically within the LzmaEnc.c file, which is part of the LZMA compression encoder implementation. An out-of-bounds read occurs when the program accesses memory outside the intended buffer boundaries, potentially exposing sensitive data or causing undefined behavior. The vulnerability can be triggered remotely over the network (AV:N), requires low privileges (PR:L), and does not require user interaction (UI:N). The scope is changed (S:C), meaning exploitation can affect resources beyond the vulnerable component. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.4, indicating high severity, with impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no known exploits are reported in the wild, the vulnerability could be leveraged to leak sensitive information, corrupt memory leading to denial of service, or be a stepping stone for further attacks. The affected products are typically used in LTE telephony infrastructure, making telecom operators and related service providers prime targets. The lack of available patches at the time of publication necessitates immediate risk mitigation strategies.

For European organizations, especially telecom operators and service providers using ASR's Falcon_Linux, Kestrel, and Lapwing_Linux platforms in their LTE telephony infrastructure, this vulnerability poses significant risks. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive telephony data, disruption of LTE services, and potential compromise of network integrity. This can affect customer privacy, regulatory compliance (e.g., GDPR), and operational continuity. The vulnerability's ability to impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability simultaneously increases the risk profile. Additionally, service outages or data breaches could damage reputation and incur financial penalties. Given the critical role of LTE networks in communications, emergency services, and business operations, the impact extends beyond individual organizations to national infrastructure stability.

1. Monitor ASR's official channels for patches or updates addressing CVE-2025-49480 and apply them promptly once available. 2. Until patches are released, implement strict network segmentation to isolate affected LTE telephony components from broader enterprise networks. 3. Employ intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics targeting anomalous memory access or unusual traffic patterns related to LZMA compression operations. 4. Restrict access to vulnerable systems to trusted personnel and authenticated devices only, minimizing the attack surface. 5. Conduct thorough security audits and memory integrity checks on affected systems to detect exploitation attempts. 6. Engage with ASR support for any available workarounds or mitigations specific to the affected products. 7. Enhance logging and monitoring around telephony infrastructure to quickly identify suspicious activities. 8. Prepare incident response plans tailored to potential exploitation scenarios involving memory corruption or data leakage.