CVE-2025-49560 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-122) affecting Adobe Substance3D - Viewer versions 0.25 and earlier. This vulnerability arises when the application improperly handles memory allocation or bounds checking during processing of certain input data, leading to a buffer overflow on the heap. Exploitation requires user interaction, specifically opening a maliciously crafted file designed to trigger the overflow. Successful exploitation could allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code within the context of the current user, potentially leading to full compromise of the user's privileges and data accessible to that user. The vulnerability has a CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 (high severity), reflecting its significant impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with relatively low attack complexity and no need for privileges but requiring user interaction. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet, indicating that organizations should prioritize monitoring and mitigation efforts. The vulnerability affects a specialized Adobe product used primarily for 3D content viewing and rendering, which may be deployed in creative, design, and industrial sectors.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk especially to companies and institutions involved in digital content creation, 3D modeling, gaming, industrial design, and multimedia production that utilize Adobe Substance3D - Viewer. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution, data theft, or disruption of workflows. Given the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, attackers could steal intellectual property, inject malicious payloads, or disrupt critical design processes. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering campaigns could be leveraged to deliver malicious files. This risk is heightened in environments where users have elevated privileges or where the software is integrated into larger production pipelines. Additionally, the lack of a patch increases exposure time, necessitating immediate compensating controls. The threat could also extend to supply chain risks if compromised files propagate through collaborative workflows.

1. Immediately audit and inventory all instances of Adobe Substance3D - Viewer within the organization to identify affected versions (0.25 and earlier). 2. Until an official patch is released, restrict usage of the affected software to trusted users and environments. 3. Implement strict file handling policies: block or quarantine files from untrusted sources before opening in Substance3D - Viewer. 4. Educate users on the risks of opening unsolicited or suspicious files, emphasizing the need for caution with files received via email or external sources. 5. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to monitor for anomalous behaviors indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unexpected process spawning or memory manipulation. 6. Use application whitelisting and sandboxing techniques to limit the impact of potential exploits. 7. Monitor Adobe security advisories closely for patch releases and apply updates promptly. 8. Consider network segmentation to isolate systems running Substance3D - Viewer from critical infrastructure to limit lateral movement in case of compromise.