CVE-2025-49560 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-122) identified in Adobe Substance3D - Viewer versions 0.25 and earlier. This vulnerability arises when the application improperly handles memory allocation or input data, leading to a buffer overflow on the heap. An attacker can exploit this flaw by crafting a malicious file that, when opened by a victim using the vulnerable Substance3D - Viewer, triggers the overflow. This can result in arbitrary code execution within the context of the current user, potentially allowing the attacker to execute malicious payloads, manipulate application behavior, or compromise system integrity. The vulnerability requires user interaction, specifically the opening of a malicious file, which limits the attack vector to social engineering or targeted delivery methods. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, indicating a high severity level, with attack vector local (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:N), user interaction required (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (C:H/I:H/A:H). No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been released yet, increasing the urgency for mitigation and monitoring.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be significant, especially for those relying on Adobe Substance3D - Viewer for digital content creation, 3D modeling, or visualization workflows. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution, data theft, or disruption of critical design and production processes. This could affect industries such as media, entertainment, manufacturing, and design firms that use Substance3D tools. Given the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts, sensitive intellectual property or proprietary designs could be exposed or altered. Additionally, compromised systems could serve as footholds for further lateral movement within corporate networks. The requirement for user interaction means phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to deliver malicious files, posing a risk to employees who handle 3D content. The absence of patches means organizations must rely on interim controls to reduce exposure.

1. Implement strict email and file filtering to block or quarantine suspicious files, especially those purporting to be 3D assets or Substance3D project files. 2. Educate users on the risks of opening files from untrusted or unknown sources, emphasizing caution with 3D content files. 3. Employ application whitelisting and sandboxing techniques to isolate Substance3D - Viewer processes, limiting potential damage from exploitation. 4. Monitor systems for unusual behavior indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unexpected process spawning or memory anomalies. 5. Restrict Substance3D - Viewer usage to trusted environments and consider disabling or uninstalling the application where not essential. 6. Maintain up-to-date backups of critical data to enable recovery in case of compromise. 7. Stay alert for official patches or updates from Adobe and apply them promptly once available. 8. Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to detect and respond to exploitation attempts quickly.