CVE-2025-49564 is a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in Adobe Illustrator versions 28.7.8, 29.6.1, and earlier. This vulnerability arises from improper handling of input data when processing Illustrator files, allowing an attacker to craft a malicious file that, when opened by a user, triggers a buffer overflow on the stack. This overflow can overwrite critical memory regions, potentially enabling arbitrary code execution within the context of the current user. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-121, indicating a classic stack-based buffer overflow flaw. Exploitation requires user interaction, specifically the victim opening a maliciously crafted Illustrator file, which suggests that social engineering or phishing tactics could be used to deliver the payload. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting a high severity level. The vector string (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) indicates that the attack requires local access (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges (PR:N), user interaction (UI:R), unchanged scope (S:U), and results in high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches are linked yet, indicating that organizations should prioritize monitoring and mitigation. Given Adobe Illustrator's widespread use in creative industries, design firms, marketing agencies, and media companies, this vulnerability poses a significant risk if exploited, potentially leading to system compromise, data theft, or disruption of services.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-49564 can be substantial, especially for sectors heavily reliant on Adobe Illustrator for graphic design, advertising, publishing, and media production. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution, enabling attackers to steal sensitive intellectual property, deploy ransomware, or establish persistent footholds within corporate networks. Confidentiality is at high risk due to potential data exfiltration, while integrity and availability could be compromised through system manipulation or denial of service. The requirement for user interaction means that phishing campaigns targeting European employees could be an effective attack vector. Organizations with remote or hybrid workforces might face increased exposure if users open malicious files outside secure network environments. Additionally, the high impact on availability could disrupt critical creative workflows, leading to financial losses and reputational damage. Given the lack of known exploits in the wild, proactive defense is crucial to prevent future attacks.

European organizations should implement a multi-layered defense strategy beyond generic patching advice. First, enforce strict email and file attachment filtering to detect and quarantine suspicious Illustrator files, leveraging advanced sandboxing and behavioral analysis tools. Train employees to recognize and report phishing attempts, emphasizing the risks of opening unsolicited or unexpected design files. Employ application whitelisting and restrict execution privileges for Illustrator processes to limit the impact of potential exploitation. Utilize endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for anomalous behaviors indicative of exploitation attempts, such as unusual memory access patterns or process injections. Network segmentation should isolate creative workstations from critical infrastructure to contain potential breaches. Regularly audit and update software inventories to identify and prioritize vulnerable Illustrator versions for patching once updates become available. Finally, establish incident response plans tailored to creative environments to quickly address any exploitation events.