CVE-2025-49671 is a vulnerability identified in Microsoft Windows Server 2019, specifically affecting version 10.0.17763.0. The flaw resides in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS), which is responsible for routing network traffic and providing remote access capabilities. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-200, indicating an exposure of sensitive information to unauthorized actors. This means that an attacker, without any privileges (no authentication required), can remotely exploit this vulnerability over the network to disclose sensitive information. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 6.5, categorizing it as a medium severity issue. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), requiring no privileges (PR:N), but does require some user interaction (UI:R), such as tricking a user into initiating a connection or interaction that triggers the information disclosure. The impact is primarily on confidentiality (C:H), with no impact on integrity or availability. The scope remains unchanged (S:U), meaning the vulnerability affects only the vulnerable component and does not propagate to other components. There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, and no official patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability could allow attackers to gather sensitive data that might facilitate further attacks, reconnaissance, or unauthorized access attempts. Given that RRAS is often used in enterprise environments for VPN and routing services, this vulnerability could expose critical network configuration or session information if exploited.

For European organizations, the exposure of sensitive information via RRAS in Windows Server 2019 could have significant consequences. Many enterprises and public sector entities in Europe rely on Windows Server 2019 for their network infrastructure, including VPN services and remote access solutions. Unauthorized disclosure of sensitive routing or network configuration data could enable attackers to map internal networks, identify critical assets, or intercept communications, potentially leading to more sophisticated attacks such as lateral movement or targeted intrusions. This is particularly concerning for industries with strict data protection requirements, such as finance, healthcare, and government agencies, where leakage of sensitive network information could violate GDPR and other regulatory frameworks. Additionally, the requirement for user interaction means that social engineering or phishing campaigns could be used to trigger the vulnerability, increasing the risk profile. Although the vulnerability does not directly impact system integrity or availability, the confidentiality breach alone can undermine trust and lead to compliance penalties or reputational damage.

To mitigate CVE-2025-49671, European organizations should implement a multi-layered approach: 1) Monitor and restrict RRAS usage to only essential systems and users, minimizing the attack surface. 2) Apply network segmentation to isolate RRAS servers from general user networks and limit exposure to untrusted networks. 3) Employ strict access controls and multi-factor authentication for remote access services to reduce the likelihood of successful user interaction exploitation. 4) Educate users about phishing and social engineering tactics to prevent inadvertent triggering of the vulnerability. 5) Monitor network traffic for unusual RRAS activity or attempts to exploit this vulnerability. 6) Stay updated with Microsoft security advisories and apply patches promptly once they become available. 7) Consider disabling RRAS services if not required or replacing them with more secure alternatives. 8) Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to detect anomalous behavior related to RRAS exploitation attempts.