CVE-2025-49742 is a high-severity integer overflow or wraparound vulnerability identified in the Microsoft Graphics Component of Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). The vulnerability stems from improper handling of integer values within the graphics processing code, which can lead to an overflow or wraparound condition. This flaw allows an authorized attacker—meaning one with some level of local access or privileges—to execute arbitrary code on the affected system without requiring user interaction. The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as successful exploitation could lead to full system compromise. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 reflects a high severity, with attack vector classified as local (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), and requiring low privileges (PR:L). No user interaction is needed (UI:N), and the scope remains unchanged (S:U). The vulnerability affects Windows 10 Version 1809, a legacy but still in-use operating system version, particularly in enterprise environments that have not upgraded to newer Windows releases. There are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, and no official patches have been linked yet, indicating that mitigation may rely on workarounds or vendor updates forthcoming. The vulnerability is categorized under CWE-190 (Integer Overflow or Wraparound), which typically involves arithmetic operations exceeding the maximum value of an integer type, causing unexpected behavior or memory corruption. This can be exploited to overwrite memory, leading to arbitrary code execution. Given the nature of the graphics component, the flaw could be triggered by processing specially crafted graphical data or files, potentially via local applications or services that handle graphics rendering.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for those still operating Windows 10 Version 1809 in production environments. Exploitation could allow attackers with limited local access—such as employees, contractors, or malware that has gained initial foothold—to escalate privileges and execute arbitrary code, potentially leading to full system compromise. This threatens the confidentiality of sensitive data, integrity of system processes, and availability of critical services. Industries with high reliance on legacy Windows 10 systems, such as manufacturing, healthcare, and public sector entities, may face operational disruptions and data breaches. The lack of known exploits currently reduces immediate risk but also underscores the urgency to patch or mitigate before attackers develop reliable exploit code. Additionally, the vulnerability could be leveraged in targeted attacks against organizations with valuable intellectual property or critical infrastructure, increasing the potential for espionage or sabotage. The local attack vector limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate risk from insider threats or malware propagation within networks.

European organizations should prioritize upgrading from Windows 10 Version 1809 to a supported and patched Windows version to eliminate exposure. Until patches are available, organizations should implement strict access controls to limit local user privileges and restrict software installation rights to reduce the risk of exploitation. Employ application whitelisting to prevent execution of unauthorized or suspicious code. Monitor systems for unusual graphics processing activities or crashes that could indicate exploitation attempts. Use endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools to identify and contain suspicious local privilege escalation behaviors. Conduct regular vulnerability scanning and asset inventory to identify systems running the affected Windows version. Educate users about the risks of executing untrusted graphical files or applications. Network segmentation can help contain potential lateral movement if exploitation occurs. Finally, maintain close communication with Microsoft for timely patch releases and apply updates promptly once available.