CVE-2025-49981 is a Missing Authorization vulnerability classified under CWE-862, affecting the 'User Roles and Capabilities' product developed by mahabub81. This vulnerability arises due to improperly configured access control mechanisms within the product, allowing an attacker with some level of privileges (PR:L - low privileges) to exploit the system without requiring user interaction (UI:N). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality but does not affect integrity or availability, as indicated by the CVSS vector (C:L/I:N/A:N). The vulnerability is remotely exploitable (AV:N) with low attack complexity (AC:L), meaning an attacker can exploit it over a network with minimal effort. The affected versions are unspecified (noted as 'n/a'), but the vulnerability is present up to version 1.2.6. The issue stems from missing or incorrect authorization checks in the user roles and capabilities management, which could allow an attacker to access or view sensitive information that should be restricted based on user roles. No known exploits are currently in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability was published on June 20, 2025, and has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.3, categorized as medium severity. The lack of patches and the nature of the vulnerability suggest that organizations using this product should be vigilant and prepare to implement fixes once available.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-49981 primarily concerns unauthorized access to sensitive information due to missing authorization controls in user role management. This can lead to confidentiality breaches where users with limited privileges might gain access to data or functions beyond their authorization scope. While the vulnerability does not directly affect system integrity or availability, the exposure of sensitive information can have regulatory and reputational consequences, especially under stringent European data protection laws such as GDPR. Organizations relying on the mahabub81 User Roles and Capabilities product in their identity and access management (IAM) frameworks or custom applications may face increased risk of insider threats or lateral movement by attackers exploiting this flaw. The medium severity score reflects a moderate risk, but the ease of exploitation and remote attack vector increase the urgency for organizations to assess their exposure. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the potential for future exploitation.

1. Conduct an immediate audit of all systems using the mahabub81 User Roles and Capabilities product to identify affected versions and configurations. 2. Implement strict network segmentation and access controls to limit exposure of systems running the vulnerable product to trusted internal networks only. 3. Enforce the principle of least privilege rigorously, ensuring users have only the minimum necessary permissions, reducing the potential impact of missing authorization checks. 4. Monitor logs and user activities for unusual access patterns or privilege escalations that could indicate exploitation attempts. 5. Engage with the vendor or community maintaining the product to obtain patches or updates as soon as they become available. 6. Until patches are released, consider deploying compensating controls such as web application firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious access attempts targeting user role management endpoints. 7. Educate administrators and developers about secure role-based access control (RBAC) implementation to prevent similar issues in custom integrations. 8. Regularly review and update access control policies and conduct penetration testing focused on authorization bypass scenarios.