CVE-2025-50341 is a Boolean-based SQL injection vulnerability identified in Axelor version 5.2.4, specifically exploitable via the _domain parameter. Boolean-based SQL injection is a technique where an attacker manipulates the logic of SQL queries by injecting conditional statements that evaluate to true or false. This allows the attacker to infer information about the database structure or content by observing application responses to crafted queries. In this case, the vulnerability arises because the _domain parameter is not properly sanitized or validated before being incorporated into SQL queries, enabling an attacker to alter the query logic. Exploiting this flaw can lead to unauthorized data exposure, as attackers can extract sensitive information by systematically querying the database. Furthermore, this vulnerability could serve as a foothold for further exploitation, such as escalating privileges, modifying data, or executing additional SQL commands if combined with other weaknesses. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the presence of this vulnerability in a business application framework like Axelor, which is used for enterprise resource planning (ERP) and business process management, makes it a significant concern for organizations relying on this software. The lack of a CVSS score indicates that the vulnerability is newly published and has not yet undergone formal severity assessment or patching, increasing the urgency for affected users to evaluate and mitigate the risk promptly.

For European organizations, the impact of this vulnerability can be substantial. Axelor is an open-source ERP and BPM platform used by various enterprises to manage critical business functions including finance, inventory, sales, and human resources. A successful SQL injection attack could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive corporate data, including financial records, customer information, and internal business processes. This exposure can result in regulatory non-compliance, especially under the GDPR framework, which mandates strict data protection and breach notification requirements. Additionally, data integrity could be compromised, potentially disrupting business operations or leading to erroneous decision-making based on tampered data. The availability of services could also be affected if attackers leverage the vulnerability to execute denial-of-service conditions or corrupt backend databases. Given the interconnected nature of ERP systems, a breach could cascade into other integrated systems, amplifying the damage. The absence of known exploits currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, as attackers often develop exploits rapidly once vulnerabilities are disclosed. European organizations must therefore consider this vulnerability a credible threat to their operational security and data privacy.

To mitigate the risk posed by CVE-2025-50341, European organizations using Axelor 5.2.4 should take several specific steps beyond generic advice. First, they should immediately review and restrict access to the _domain parameter, implementing strict input validation and sanitization to prevent injection of malicious SQL code. Employing parameterized queries or prepared statements in the application code where the _domain parameter is processed will effectively neutralize injection attempts. Organizations should monitor vendor communications closely for official patches or updates addressing this vulnerability and apply them promptly once available. In the interim, deploying Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the _domain parameter can provide a protective layer. Conducting thorough code audits and penetration testing focused on SQL injection vectors within the Axelor deployment will help identify and remediate other potential injection points. Additionally, organizations should implement robust database access controls, ensuring that the application uses least-privilege database accounts to limit the impact of any successful injection. Regular backups and incident response plans should be updated to prepare for potential exploitation scenarios. Finally, educating developers and administrators about secure coding practices and the specific risks associated with SQL injection will reduce the likelihood of similar vulnerabilities in the future.