CVE-2025-5078 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul/Campcodes Online Shopping Portal, specifically within an unspecified function in the /admin/subcategory.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'Category' parameter, which can be manipulated remotely by an unauthenticated attacker to inject malicious SQL commands. This flaw allows attackers to interfere with the backend database queries executed by the application, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, data modification, or deletion. The vulnerability does not require any authentication or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9 (medium severity), reflecting the network attack vector, low complexity, and no privileges or user interaction needed. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is rated as low individually but collectively can be significant depending on the database contents and the attacker's goals. Although no public exploits are currently known in the wild, the exploit code has been made public, increasing the likelihood of exploitation attempts. The vulnerability affects only version 1.0 of the product, which is a niche online shopping portal solution, often used by small to medium-sized e-commerce websites.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Online Shopping Portal 1.0, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized access to sensitive customer and business data stored in the backend database. Attackers could extract personally identifiable information (PII), payment details, or manipulate product and order data, leading to financial loss, reputational damage, and regulatory non-compliance under GDPR. The ability to execute SQL injection remotely without authentication means attackers can automate attacks at scale, potentially affecting multiple installations. The impact on availability is limited but possible if attackers execute destructive SQL commands. Given the nature of e-commerce platforms, any compromise could disrupt business operations and customer trust. Organizations relying on this software must consider the risk of data breaches and fraud, which are critical concerns under European data protection laws.

1. Immediate upgrade or patching: Organizations should check for any official patches or updates from PHPGurukul addressing CVE-2025-5078. If unavailable, consider upgrading to a newer, secure version or migrating to alternative platforms. 2. Input validation and parameterized queries: Review and refactor the /admin/subcategory.php code to implement strict input validation and use prepared statements or parameterized queries to prevent SQL injection. 3. Web application firewall (WAF): Deploy a WAF with rules specifically designed to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting the 'Category' parameter or similar inputs. 4. Access controls: Restrict access to the /admin/ directory by IP whitelisting or VPN-only access to reduce exposure. 5. Monitoring and logging: Enable detailed logging of database queries and web requests to detect suspicious activities and respond promptly. 6. Security testing: Conduct regular penetration testing and code reviews focusing on injection flaws. 7. Backup and recovery: Maintain secure, tested backups of databases to recover quickly from any destructive attacks.