CVE-2025-51628 describes an Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability found in the PdfHandler component of the Agenzia Impresa Eccobook software, version 2.81.1 and earlier. This vulnerability allows unauthenticated attackers to access confidential documents by manipulating the DocumentoId parameter. IDOR vulnerabilities occur when an application exposes internal implementation objects such as files, database records, or keys without proper access control checks. In this case, the PdfHandler component fails to verify whether the requesting user is authorized to access the document identified by DocumentoId, enabling attackers to retrieve sensitive documents without authentication. The vulnerability affects all versions up to 2.81.1, with no patch or fix currently available. No known exploits have been reported in the wild yet. The lack of a CVSS score suggests the vulnerability is newly disclosed and not yet fully assessed. However, the ability to read confidential documents without authentication indicates a significant breach of confidentiality. The vulnerability is particularly critical because it allows direct access to sensitive information, potentially including personal data, financial records, or proprietary business documents, depending on the deployment context of Agenzia Impresa Eccobook. The exploitation requires only sending crafted requests with manipulated DocumentoId parameters, making it relatively easy to exploit if the system is accessible externally. Since no authentication or user interaction is required, the attack surface is broad, especially if the application is exposed to the internet or untrusted networks. Agenzia Impresa Eccobook is a business management software, likely used by enterprises and organizations, which increases the risk of sensitive data exposure. The vulnerability's impact extends to confidentiality and potentially to compliance with data protection regulations such as GDPR if personal data is involved.

For European organizations using Agenzia Impresa Eccobook, this vulnerability poses a serious risk of unauthorized disclosure of confidential documents. Exposure of sensitive business information can lead to competitive disadvantage, reputational damage, and financial loss. If personal data is included in the documents accessed, organizations may face regulatory penalties under GDPR for failing to protect personal information adequately. The breach of confidentiality could also undermine trust with clients and partners. Additionally, attackers could leverage the information obtained to conduct further targeted attacks such as social engineering or fraud. The ease of exploitation without authentication increases the likelihood of automated scanning and exploitation attempts, especially if the software is internet-facing. Organizations in sectors handling sensitive data such as finance, legal, healthcare, or government services are particularly at risk. The lack of a patch means organizations must rely on compensating controls until a fix is available, increasing operational burden and risk exposure.

1. Immediate network-level controls: Restrict access to the Agenzia Impresa Eccobook application to trusted internal networks or VPNs to reduce exposure to unauthenticated attackers. 2. Implement Web Application Firewall (WAF) rules to detect and block suspicious requests attempting to manipulate the DocumentoId parameter. 3. Conduct thorough access control reviews and implement strict authorization checks on the PdfHandler component to ensure users can only access documents they are permitted to view. 4. Monitor application logs for unusual access patterns or repeated requests with varying DocumentoId values indicative of exploitation attempts. 5. Engage with the software vendor to obtain patches or updates addressing this vulnerability as soon as they become available. 6. If possible, temporarily disable or restrict the PdfHandler functionality until a fix is applied. 7. Educate internal users about the risk and encourage reporting of any suspicious activity. 8. Perform regular security assessments and penetration testing focusing on IDOR and access control weaknesses in the application. These targeted steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on immediate containment, detection, and vendor engagement specific to this vulnerability and the affected component.