CVE-2025-51743 identifies a security vulnerability in the jishenghua JSH_ERP version 2.3.1, specifically in the /materialCategory/addMaterialCategory API endpoint. This endpoint utilizes the fastjson library for JSON deserialization, which is known to be vulnerable to unsafe deserialization attacks if not properly configured. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending specially crafted JSON payloads that, when deserialized by fastjson, can trigger execution of arbitrary code or other malicious behaviors on the server. This type of vulnerability arises because fastjson can instantiate arbitrary classes during deserialization if the feature allowing auto-type support is enabled or improperly restricted. The vulnerability does not require prior authentication, increasing its risk profile. Although no CVSS score is assigned and no public exploits have been reported, the potential impact includes full compromise of the ERP system, data theft, data manipulation, or disruption of business processes. The vulnerability affects organizations using JSH_ERP 2.3.1, which is an enterprise resource planning system likely used in manufacturing and supply chain management. The lack of available patches or mitigations from the vendor increases the urgency for organizations to implement defensive controls. This vulnerability highlights the risks of unsafe deserialization in web applications and the need for secure JSON processing configurations.

For European organizations, exploitation of CVE-2025-51743 could lead to severe consequences including unauthorized remote code execution on critical ERP infrastructure. This can result in theft or manipulation of sensitive business data, disruption of supply chain and manufacturing operations, and potential lateral movement within corporate networks. Given that ERP systems often integrate with financial, inventory, and production modules, a successful attack could compromise operational continuity and lead to significant financial losses. Additionally, data breaches involving personal or proprietary information could trigger regulatory penalties under GDPR. The lack of authentication requirement and the exposure of the vulnerable endpoint over the network increase the attack surface. Organizations in sectors such as manufacturing, logistics, and industrial production, which heavily rely on ERP systems like JSH_ERP, are particularly vulnerable. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive mitigation, but the threat could escalate rapidly if weaponized by attackers.

European organizations should immediately audit their use of JSH_ERP 2.3.1 and identify if the vulnerable /materialCategory/addMaterialCategory endpoint is exposed. Specific mitigations include: 1) Disable or restrict fastjson's auto-type feature to prevent unsafe deserialization; 2) Implement strict input validation and JSON schema validation on all incoming data to the endpoint; 3) Employ web application firewalls (WAF) with custom rules to detect and block malicious deserialization payloads; 4) Monitor logs and network traffic for anomalous requests targeting the vulnerable endpoint; 5) Isolate the ERP system within segmented network zones to limit lateral movement; 6) Engage with the vendor for patches or updates and apply them promptly once available; 7) Consider deploying runtime application self-protection (RASP) solutions to detect exploitation attempts; 8) Educate development and security teams about secure deserialization practices to prevent similar vulnerabilities in future releases. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice and address the specific nature of the fastjson deserialization risk.