CVE-2025-51746 is a security vulnerability identified in the jishenghua JSH_ERP version 2.3.1, specifically targeting the /serialNumber/addSerialNumber API endpoint. The vulnerability stems from the unsafe deserialization of JSON data using the fastjson library, a common Java JSON parser known to have had multiple deserialization issues in the past. In this context, an attacker can send specially crafted JSON payloads to the vulnerable endpoint, which fastjson will deserialize without sufficient validation or filtering. This can lead to arbitrary code execution on the server hosting the ERP system. The vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. Although no public exploits have been reported yet, the nature of fastjson deserialization flaws historically allows attackers to achieve remote code execution, potentially gaining full control over the affected system. The lack of a CVSS score indicates that the vulnerability is newly published and not yet fully assessed, but the technical characteristics suggest a critical security risk. The ERP system is likely used in enterprise environments to manage manufacturing, inventory, and serial number tracking, making this vulnerability particularly dangerous as it could disrupt business operations and expose sensitive data.

For European organizations, exploitation of this vulnerability could result in severe consequences including unauthorized access to sensitive business data, disruption of manufacturing and supply chain operations, and potential lateral movement within corporate networks. The ERP system often integrates with other critical infrastructure, so compromise could cascade, affecting availability and integrity of business processes. Confidentiality breaches could expose intellectual property or customer data, leading to regulatory penalties under GDPR. The ability to execute arbitrary code remotely without authentication means attackers could deploy ransomware, steal credentials, or establish persistent backdoors. Organizations in sectors such as automotive, aerospace, and industrial manufacturing, which heavily rely on ERP systems like JSH_ERP, are particularly vulnerable. The operational downtime and reputational damage from such an attack could be substantial, especially in countries with large manufacturing bases.

1. Immediately identify and inventory all instances of jishenghua JSH_ERP 2.3.1 within the organization. 2. If a vendor patch becomes available, apply it without delay. In the absence of a patch, consider disabling or restricting access to the /serialNumber/addSerialNumber endpoint via network controls or application firewalls. 3. Implement strict input validation and JSON parsing restrictions to prevent malicious payloads from being processed. 4. Employ runtime application self-protection (RASP) or web application firewalls (WAF) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious deserialization attempts. 5. Monitor logs and network traffic for unusual activity targeting the vulnerable endpoint, including anomalous JSON payloads or unexpected API calls. 6. Conduct internal penetration testing to verify the presence of the vulnerability and effectiveness of mitigations. 7. Educate development and security teams about secure deserialization practices and the risks associated with fastjson. 8. Segment ERP systems from general network access to limit exposure. 9. Prepare incident response plans specifically addressing potential exploitation scenarios involving ERP compromise.