CVE-2025-52053 is a command injection vulnerability identified in the TOTOLINK X6000R router firmware version V9.4.0cu.1360_B20241207. The vulnerability exists in the sub_417D74 function, specifically via the file_name parameter, which is improperly sanitized or validated. This flaw allows an unauthenticated attacker to send a crafted request containing malicious input to the vulnerable parameter, resulting in arbitrary command execution on the device. Because the vulnerability does not require authentication, it can be exploited remotely by anyone with network access to the device, potentially allowing full control over the router. The lack of a CVSS score indicates that the vulnerability is newly disclosed and has not yet been fully assessed or assigned a severity rating. No patches or mitigations have been officially published at the time of disclosure, and there are no known exploits in the wild. The TOTOLINK X6000R is a consumer and small office/home office (SOHO) wireless router, and exploitation could lead to compromise of network traffic, device configuration, and potentially pivoting attacks into internal networks.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and home offices that rely on TOTOLINK X6000R routers or similar devices. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized network access, interception or manipulation of sensitive data, disruption of internet connectivity, and use of the compromised device as a foothold for further attacks within the corporate network. Given the unauthenticated nature of the vulnerability, attackers could remotely compromise devices without user interaction, increasing the threat surface. This could impact confidentiality, integrity, and availability of organizational data and services. Additionally, compromised routers could be used in botnets or for launching attacks against other targets, amplifying the broader security risks for European networks.

Organizations should immediately identify and inventory any TOTOLINK X6000R routers in use. Until an official patch is released, it is recommended to isolate these devices from critical network segments and restrict remote management access. Network administrators should implement strict firewall rules to limit inbound traffic to router management interfaces and monitor network traffic for unusual patterns. Employing network segmentation can reduce the risk of lateral movement if a device is compromised. Users should disable any unnecessary services on the router and change default credentials to strong, unique passwords. Regularly checking for firmware updates from TOTOLINK and applying them promptly once available is essential. Additionally, deploying network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) to detect command injection attempts and anomalous behavior can provide early warning of exploitation attempts.