CVE-2025-52372 is a medium-severity vulnerability identified in hMailServer version 5.8.6. The issue allows a local attacker to obtain sensitive information by accessing specific configuration files, namely hmailserver/installation/hMailServerInnoExtension.iss and hMailServer.ini. These files typically contain configuration details and potentially sensitive parameters related to the mail server's installation and operation. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-200, which corresponds to information exposure. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.1, indicating a medium severity level. The attack vector is local (AV:L), meaning the attacker must have local access to the system to exploit this vulnerability. The attack complexity is low (AC:L), and no privileges are required (PR:N), nor is user interaction needed (UI:N). The impact affects confidentiality and integrity to a limited extent but does not affect availability. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability's scope is unchanged, meaning the impact is confined to the vulnerable component without affecting other system components. Since the vulnerability involves local access, it is primarily a risk in environments where unauthorized users can gain local system access, such as shared hosting environments, poorly secured internal networks, or compromised user accounts. The exposure of configuration files could lead to further attacks if sensitive credentials or configuration details are revealed, potentially facilitating privilege escalation or lateral movement within the network.

For European organizations using hMailServer 5.8.6, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk primarily in environments where local system access controls are weak. Organizations with shared mail server environments or those that allow multiple users local access to mail server hosts are at risk of sensitive information disclosure. The leaked configuration files may contain credentials or settings that could be leveraged to compromise mail server integrity or confidentiality, potentially leading to unauthorized access to email communications or further network compromise. This could impact confidentiality of sensitive communications, violate data protection regulations such as GDPR, and damage organizational reputation. However, since exploitation requires local access and no remote exploitation vector is present, the risk is somewhat contained. Organizations with strong endpoint security, strict access controls, and monitoring are less likely to be impacted. The lack of known exploits in the wild reduces immediate threat but does not eliminate the risk of targeted attacks or insider threats.

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should: 1) Restrict local access to systems running hMailServer 5.8.6 strictly to trusted administrators and service accounts. 2) Implement robust endpoint security controls, including host-based intrusion detection and prevention systems to detect unauthorized access attempts. 3) Regularly audit file permissions on hMailServer installation directories to ensure sensitive configuration files like hMailServerInnoExtension.iss and hMailServer.ini are not accessible to unauthorized users. 4) Monitor system logs for unusual local access patterns or attempts to read configuration files. 5) Consider isolating mail server hosts in segmented network zones with limited user access. 6) Stay alert for official patches or updates from hMailServer developers and apply them promptly once available. 7) As a proactive measure, review and rotate any credentials or secrets stored in the affected configuration files to limit exposure impact. 8) Educate system administrators about the risks of local access vulnerabilities and enforce the principle of least privilege.