CVE-2025-53149 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability classified under CWE-122, affecting the Kernel Streaming WOW Thunk Service Driver in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 17763.0). This vulnerability arises when the driver improperly handles memory buffers, leading to an overflow condition on the heap. An authorized attacker with local access can exploit this flaw to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges, effectively escalating their permissions on the affected system. The vulnerability does not require user interaction, making it easier to exploit once local access is obtained. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high severity due to the combination of local attack vector, low attack complexity, required privileges, and the potential for full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise. Although no public exploits have been reported yet, the vulnerability poses a significant risk especially in environments where legacy Windows 10 1809 systems remain in use. The flaw could be leveraged by malicious insiders or attackers who have gained limited access to the system to gain full control, bypassing security restrictions. The absence of a patch at the time of publication increases the urgency for organizations to implement interim mitigations and monitor for exploitation attempts.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-53149 can be substantial, particularly in sectors relying on legacy Windows 10 1809 systems such as manufacturing, healthcare, and government. Successful exploitation allows attackers to elevate privileges locally, potentially leading to full system compromise, data theft, disruption of services, or deployment of ransomware. Confidentiality is at risk as attackers can access sensitive data; integrity is compromised as attackers can alter system files or configurations; and availability may be affected if attackers disrupt kernel streaming services or other critical system components. The vulnerability's local attack vector means that insider threats or attackers who have gained initial foothold via other means can leverage this flaw to escalate privileges and move laterally within networks. European organizations with strict data protection regulations (e.g., GDPR) face additional compliance risks if breaches occur. The lack of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive defense, but the high severity score indicates that exploitation could have severe operational and reputational consequences.

1. Apply official security patches from Microsoft immediately once they become available for Windows 10 Version 1809 systems. 2. Until patches are released, restrict local access to critical systems by enforcing strict access controls and using network segmentation to limit exposure. 3. Employ application whitelisting and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect anomalous behavior indicative of privilege escalation attempts. 4. Regularly audit and monitor logs for unusual kernel streaming driver activity or privilege escalation events. 5. Consider upgrading affected systems to a supported and fully patched Windows version to reduce exposure to legacy vulnerabilities. 6. Implement strict user privilege management, ensuring users operate with least privilege necessary to reduce the attack surface. 7. Educate IT staff and users about the risks of local privilege escalation vulnerabilities and the importance of reporting suspicious activity promptly. 8. Use virtualization or sandboxing for high-risk applications to contain potential exploits. 9. Maintain up-to-date backups and incident response plans to quickly recover from potential compromises.