CVE-2025-53155 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability identified in the Hyper-V virtualization component of Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). The flaw arises from improper handling of memory buffers on the heap, which can be exploited by an authorized local attacker to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. This vulnerability falls under CWE-122, indicating a classic heap overflow scenario where memory corruption can lead to control over program execution flow. The attacker must have local access with some privileges (PR:L) but does not require user interaction (UI:N). The vulnerability affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated high), meaning an attacker could potentially gain full control over the system, access sensitive data, or disrupt operations. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting a high severity level. No public exploits or patches are currently available, but the vulnerability is publicly disclosed and assigned a CVE ID. Hyper-V is widely used in enterprise environments for virtualization, making this a significant risk for organizations relying on this technology. The flaw could be leveraged in targeted attacks or lateral movement scenarios within compromised networks.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-53155 is substantial, especially for those using Windows 10 Version 1809 in virtualized environments. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to escalate privileges locally, bypassing security controls and gaining administrative access. This could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of critical services, and potential deployment of further malware or ransomware. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure that rely on Hyper-V virtualization are particularly at risk. The vulnerability could facilitate lateral movement within networks, increasing the scope and severity of breaches. Additionally, the lack of available patches at the time of disclosure means organizations must rely on interim mitigations, increasing exposure time. The threat is heightened by the fact that Windows 10 Version 1809 remains in use in many enterprise environments across Europe, despite newer versions being available.

1. Apply security patches immediately once Microsoft releases them for this vulnerability. 2. Restrict local access to systems running Windows 10 Version 1809 with Hyper-V enabled, limiting user privileges to the minimum necessary. 3. Disable Hyper-V on systems where virtualization is not required to reduce the attack surface. 4. Implement strict access controls and monitoring for Hyper-V management interfaces and related processes. 5. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Regularly audit and update virtualization host configurations to adhere to security best practices. 7. Consider upgrading affected systems to a supported and patched Windows version to reduce exposure. 8. Educate IT staff on the risks associated with this vulnerability and ensure incident response plans include scenarios involving privilege escalation via Hyper-V.