CVE-2025-53155 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability classified under CWE-122, found in the Windows Hyper-V virtualization component of Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). This vulnerability arises due to improper handling of memory buffers on the heap, which can be exploited by an attacker with authorized local access to execute arbitrary code with elevated privileges. The flaw allows an attacker to escalate their privileges from a lower-privileged user context to SYSTEM level, thereby gaining full control over the affected system. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and has a low attack complexity, but it does require local privileges, meaning the attacker must already have some level of access to the system. The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 reflects high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as successful exploitation can lead to complete system compromise. Although no public exploits have been reported yet, the presence of this vulnerability in a widely deployed OS version used in enterprise environments makes it a critical concern. The lack of currently available patches necessitates immediate attention to mitigate risk. Hyper-V is commonly used in enterprise virtualization scenarios, increasing the potential attack surface. The vulnerability was reserved in June 2025 and published in August 2025, indicating recent discovery and disclosure.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, particularly those relying on Windows 10 Version 1809 in virtualized environments using Hyper-V. Successful exploitation could allow attackers who have gained local access—through phishing, insider threats, or other means—to escalate privileges and take full control of critical systems. This could lead to data breaches, disruption of services, and lateral movement within corporate networks. The impact is heightened in sectors with sensitive data such as finance, healthcare, and government institutions. Additionally, organizations that have not upgraded from legacy Windows 10 versions or have delayed patching are especially vulnerable. The vulnerability could also undermine trust in virtualized infrastructure security, potentially affecting cloud and hybrid deployments that utilize Hyper-V. Given the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, exploitation could result in severe operational and reputational damage.

Organizations should prioritize upgrading affected systems to a supported Windows version or apply security patches as soon as Microsoft releases them. Until patches are available, consider disabling Hyper-V on Windows 10 Version 1809 systems if virtualization is not critical, to reduce the attack surface. Implement strict access controls and monitoring to limit local user privileges and detect suspicious activities indicative of privilege escalation attempts. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions capable of identifying anomalous behavior related to memory corruption exploits. Regularly audit and update system configurations to ensure minimal privilege principles are enforced. Additionally, organizations should plan migration strategies away from legacy Windows 10 versions to supported platforms with ongoing security updates. Network segmentation can help contain potential breaches resulting from exploitation. Finally, educate IT staff about this vulnerability to ensure rapid response once patches become available.