CVE-2025-5371 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the SourceCodester Health Center Patient Record Management System. The vulnerability exists within the /admin/admin.php file, specifically in the handling of the 'Username' parameter. An attacker can manipulate this parameter to inject malicious SQL code, potentially allowing unauthorized access to the backend database. This vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring authentication or user interaction, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level. The vector details (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N) confirm that the attack can be launched over the network with low complexity and no privileges or user interaction needed. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is rated low to medium, suggesting that while the attacker may extract or modify some data, the scope and severity of damage might be limited by the application's design or database permissions. No patches or official fixes have been published yet, and no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, although public disclosure of the exploit code increases the risk of exploitation attempts. Given that this is a patient record management system, the vulnerability could expose sensitive personal health information if exploited, raising significant privacy and compliance concerns.

For European organizations, especially healthcare providers using the SourceCodester Health Center Patient Record Management System, this vulnerability poses a serious risk to patient data confidentiality and integrity. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive health records, violating GDPR and other data protection regulations, potentially resulting in legal penalties and reputational damage. The ability to remotely exploit the vulnerability without authentication means attackers could operate from anywhere, increasing the threat landscape. Additionally, manipulation of patient records could disrupt healthcare operations, affecting availability indirectly by causing data inconsistencies or loss of trust in the system. Given the critical nature of healthcare data, even a medium severity vulnerability can have outsized consequences in this sector.

Organizations should immediately conduct an audit to identify any deployments of SourceCodester Health Center Patient Record Management System version 1.0. Until an official patch is released, implement the following mitigations: 1) Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the 'Username' parameter in /admin/admin.php. 2) Restrict network access to the administration interface to trusted IP addresses or VPN-only access to reduce exposure. 3) Conduct input validation and sanitization at the application level if source code access is available, specifically escaping or parameterizing SQL queries involving the Username parameter. 4) Monitor logs for unusual or suspicious SQL query patterns or failed login attempts that may indicate exploitation attempts. 5) Prepare an incident response plan focused on potential data breaches involving patient records. 6) Engage with the vendor or community to track patch releases and apply updates promptly once available. 7) Consider isolating or decommissioning vulnerable instances if immediate patching is not feasible.