CVE-2025-5375 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 2.0 of the PHPGurukul HPGurukul Online Birth Certificate System, specifically within the /admin/registered-users.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'del' parameter, which an attacker can manipulate to inject malicious SQL code. This flaw allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands on the backend database without requiring authentication or user interaction. The vulnerability is classified as medium severity with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 5.3, reflecting its moderate impact and ease of exploitation. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), no privileges required (PR:L indicates low privileges, but the description suggests no authentication needed), and no user interaction (UI:N). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L), indicating partial compromise potential. Although no known exploits are currently active in the wild, the public disclosure of the exploit code increases the risk of exploitation. The affected system is an online birth certificate management platform, which likely stores sensitive personal data, including birth records and user information. Exploiting this vulnerability could allow attackers to extract, modify, or delete sensitive data, potentially leading to identity theft, fraud, or disruption of vital civil services. The lack of available patches or mitigation details further elevates the risk for organizations using this software.

For European organizations, particularly government agencies or municipal offices responsible for civil registration and vital statistics, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Compromise of birth certificate systems can lead to unauthorized access to personally identifiable information (PII), including names, dates of birth, parentage, and registration details. This data is critical for identity verification and legal documentation. Exploitation could result in data breaches, identity fraud, and erosion of public trust in government digital services. Additionally, manipulation or deletion of records could disrupt administrative processes and cause legal complications. Given the sensitivity of the data and the essential nature of birth certificate services, the impact extends beyond confidentiality to affect data integrity and availability. European data protection regulations such as GDPR impose strict requirements on the handling of personal data, and breaches could lead to substantial fines and reputational damage. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is exploitable remotely without user interaction, the impact may be somewhat limited by the scope of affected data or system controls. However, the critical nature of the service and data involved amplifies the potential consequences for affected organizations.

Organizations using PHPGurukul HPGurukul Online Birth Certificate System 2.0 should immediately conduct a thorough security assessment of their deployment. Specific mitigation steps include: 1) Implement input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection in the 'del' parameter and other inputs. 2) Restrict access to the /admin/registered-users.php endpoint using network-level controls such as IP whitelisting or VPN access to limit exposure. 3) Employ web application firewalls (WAFs) configured to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting this parameter. 4) Monitor logs for suspicious activity related to the 'del' parameter and unusual database queries. 5) If possible, upgrade to a patched or newer version of the software once available; if no patch exists, consider temporary replacement or isolation of the vulnerable system. 6) Conduct regular backups of critical data to enable recovery in case of data tampering or deletion. 7) Educate administrators on secure coding practices and the importance of sanitizing all user inputs. 8) Engage with the vendor or community to track patch releases or advisories. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on the specific vulnerable parameter and the operational context of the affected system.