CVE-2025-53789 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-306, indicating missing authentication for a critical function within the Windows StateRepository API in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). The StateRepository API manages state data for various Windows components and applications. The vulnerability arises because the API does not enforce proper authentication checks before allowing access to sensitive functions. An attacker with authorized local access but limited privileges can exploit this flaw to elevate their privileges to a higher level, potentially SYSTEM or administrator privileges. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high severity due to high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, combined with low attack complexity and no user interaction required. The attack vector is local, requiring the attacker to have some level of access already, but no additional authentication barriers exist for the critical function. No known public exploits or patches have been released at the time of publication, increasing the urgency for organizations to monitor and prepare for mitigation. The vulnerability could be leveraged to execute arbitrary code, access sensitive data, or disrupt system operations, making it a critical concern for environments where Windows 10 Version 1809 is still operational.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the potential for local privilege escalation leading to full system compromise. Confidentiality is at risk as attackers could access sensitive data stored or processed on affected systems. Integrity could be compromised by unauthorized modification of system files or configurations. Availability may be impacted if attackers disrupt critical services or deploy ransomware. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure that still operate Windows 10 Version 1809 are particularly vulnerable. The lack of user interaction and low complexity of exploitation mean that insider threats or attackers who gain initial foothold through other means can quickly escalate privileges. This could facilitate lateral movement within networks, increasing the scope and severity of attacks. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive defense, but the risk of future exploitation remains high.

Since no official patches are currently available, organizations should implement compensating controls immediately. These include restricting local user permissions to the minimum necessary, employing application whitelisting to prevent unauthorized code execution, and enabling enhanced logging and monitoring of local privilege escalation attempts. Network segmentation should be enforced to limit lateral movement from compromised endpoints. Organizations should also review and harden endpoint security configurations, disable or restrict access to the StateRepository API where feasible, and conduct regular audits of user privileges. Once Microsoft releases a patch, prompt testing and deployment are critical. Additionally, organizations should educate IT staff about this vulnerability and prepare incident response plans to quickly address any exploitation attempts. Maintaining up-to-date backups and ensuring recovery procedures are tested will mitigate impact in case of successful attacks.