CVE-2025-53789 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-306, indicating missing authentication for a critical function. It specifically affects the Windows StateRepository API in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 (build 10.0.17763.0). The StateRepository API manages state data for applications and system components. Due to missing authentication checks, an attacker with authorized local access can invoke this API to elevate their privileges beyond their current level. The CVSS v3.1 score of 7.8 reflects a high severity, with attack vector being local (AV:L), low attack complexity (AC:L), requiring low privileges (PR:L), and no user interaction (UI:N). The impact covers confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated high), meaning an attacker can gain unauthorized access to sensitive data, modify system state, or disrupt system functionality. No exploits are currently known in the wild, but the vulnerability's nature makes it a prime candidate for exploitation in targeted attacks or insider threat scenarios. The vulnerability was reserved in July 2025 and published in August 2025, with no patches currently available, indicating a window of exposure. Organizations running this Windows version should prioritize mitigation and monitoring.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk, especially in environments where Windows 10 Version 1809 remains deployed, such as in legacy systems or specialized industrial control systems. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to escalate privileges locally, potentially leading to full system compromise, unauthorized access to sensitive data, disruption of critical services, and lateral movement within networks. Sectors such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure could face severe operational and reputational damage. The lack of user interaction requirement and low complexity of exploitation increase the likelihood of successful attacks by insiders or malware that gains local access. The absence of known exploits currently provides a limited window for proactive defense, but organizations should not delay remediation efforts. The vulnerability also raises compliance concerns under GDPR and other European data protection regulations due to the potential for unauthorized data access.

1. Apply security patches immediately once Microsoft releases them for Windows 10 Version 1809. Monitor official Microsoft channels for updates. 2. Restrict local access to systems running the affected Windows version by enforcing strict access controls and limiting administrative privileges. 3. Implement application whitelisting and endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to detect and block suspicious privilege escalation attempts. 4. Conduct regular audits of user privileges and system logs to identify unusual activities indicative of exploitation attempts. 5. Where possible, upgrade affected systems to a supported and fully patched Windows version to reduce exposure to this and other vulnerabilities. 6. Employ network segmentation to limit the impact of a compromised system and prevent lateral movement. 7. Educate IT staff and users about the risks of local privilege escalation vulnerabilities and the importance of maintaining updated systems. 8. Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) for local and remote access to reduce the risk of unauthorized access that could lead to exploitation.