CVE-2025-54097 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-125 (Out-of-bounds Read) affecting Microsoft Windows Server 2019, specifically version 10.0.17763.0. The flaw exists in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS), a component responsible for routing network traffic and providing VPN and dial-up services. An out-of-bounds read occurs when the software reads data beyond the allocated memory buffer, potentially exposing sensitive information from adjacent memory. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring any privileges, although it requires user interaction, such as responding to a crafted network request. Successful exploitation leads to disclosure of information, compromising confidentiality but not affecting integrity or availability. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 6.5, reflecting a medium severity level due to the ease of network exploitation and high confidentiality impact. No patches or known exploits have been published at the time of disclosure, but the vulnerability is publicly known since September 2025. The vulnerability could be leveraged by attackers to gather sensitive data that may facilitate further attacks or reconnaissance within targeted networks.

For European organizations, the primary impact is the potential unauthorized disclosure of sensitive information from Windows Server 2019 systems running RRAS. This could include configuration details, authentication tokens, or other memory-resident data that attackers could use to escalate privileges or move laterally within networks. Critical infrastructure providers, financial institutions, and government agencies relying on RRAS for remote access services are at heightened risk. The information leakage could undermine confidentiality, leading to data breaches or exposure of internal network architecture. Although the vulnerability does not directly affect system integrity or availability, the disclosed information could enable more damaging attacks. The medium severity score suggests that while the threat is significant, it is not immediately critical, but organizations should not delay mitigation. The lack of known exploits reduces immediate risk but also means attackers may develop exploits once the vulnerability details are widely understood.

1. Disable the Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) on Windows Server 2019 systems if it is not essential for business operations to eliminate the attack surface. 2. If RRAS is required, implement strict network segmentation and firewall rules to limit exposure of RRAS services to trusted networks only. 3. Monitor network traffic for unusual or unexpected requests targeting RRAS ports and services, using intrusion detection/prevention systems tuned for anomalous activity. 4. Apply the official Microsoft security update promptly once released to address CVE-2025-54097. 5. Employ network-level authentication and multi-factor authentication for remote access services to reduce risk from user interaction requirements. 6. Conduct regular security audits and memory analysis on critical servers to detect potential information leakage or exploitation attempts. 7. Educate users about the risks of interacting with unsolicited network prompts or requests that could trigger exploitation attempts.