CVE-2025-54151 is a vulnerability classified under CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) affecting QNAP Systems Inc.'s Qsync Central software, specifically version 5.0.x.x. The flaw allows a local attacker who has obtained a user account to exploit the system by consuming excessive resources, leading to a denial-of-service (DoS) condition. This vulnerability arises because the application does not properly limit or control resource usage under certain operations, enabling an attacker to overwhelm the system's capacity. The attack vector is network-based but requires the attacker to have valid user credentials, which lowers the barrier compared to administrative access but still requires some level of privilege. The vulnerability does not require user interaction, and no vulnerabilities in confidentiality, integrity, or availability beyond DoS are indicated. The vendor addressed this issue in Qsync Central version 5.0.0.4, released on January 20, 2026. The CVSS 4.9 score reflects a medium severity, considering the ease of exploitation (low complexity), the requirement for a user account, and the impact limited to availability. No known exploits have been reported in the wild, but the potential for disruption in environments relying on Qsync Central for file synchronization and NAS management is significant. The vulnerability is relevant for organizations using QNAP NAS devices, particularly those deploying Qsync Central for file synchronization services.

For European organizations, the primary impact of CVE-2025-54151 is the potential for denial-of-service attacks that can disrupt file synchronization and access to critical data stored on QNAP NAS devices running vulnerable Qsync Central versions. This can affect business continuity, especially for enterprises relying on QNAP solutions for collaborative workflows, backup, and storage. The DoS condition could lead to downtime, loss of productivity, and potential cascading effects if dependent services are impacted. Given that the attack requires a user account, insider threats or compromised credentials pose a significant risk. Organizations in sectors such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, and government, which often use NAS devices for sensitive data storage and sharing, could face operational disruptions. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is not critical, it is sufficiently serious to warrant prompt remediation to avoid service interruptions. Additionally, the lack of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat of future exploitation.

1. Upgrade Qsync Central to version 5.0.0.4 or later immediately to apply the official patch addressing the vulnerability. 2. Implement strict user account management policies, including strong authentication mechanisms and regular review of user privileges to minimize the risk of account compromise. 3. Monitor system resource usage and set alerts for unusual spikes that may indicate exploitation attempts. 4. Employ network segmentation and access controls to limit the exposure of Qsync Central services to only trusted internal networks or VPN connections. 5. Conduct regular security audits and penetration testing focused on NAS devices and synchronization services to identify potential weaknesses. 6. Educate users about credential security to reduce the risk of account compromise. 7. Consider deploying intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) tuned to detect anomalous behavior related to resource exhaustion on NAS devices. 8. Maintain up-to-date backups and disaster recovery plans to mitigate the impact of potential DoS attacks.