CVE-2025-54198 is an out-of-bounds read vulnerability (CWE-125) affecting Adobe Substance3D - Modeler versions 1.22.0 and earlier. This vulnerability arises when the software improperly handles memory boundaries, allowing an attacker to read memory outside the intended buffer limits. Such an out-of-bounds read can lead to the disclosure of sensitive information residing in adjacent memory spaces. Exploitation requires user interaction, specifically the victim opening a crafted malicious file designed to trigger the vulnerability. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 5.5, indicating a medium severity level. The attack vector is local (AV:L), meaning the attacker must have local access or the victim must perform an action on their local machine. The attack complexity is low (AC:L), no privileges are required (PR:N), but user interaction is necessary (UI:R). The scope is unchanged (S:U), and the impact is high on confidentiality (C:H) but none on integrity (I:N) or availability (A:N). This means that while the vulnerability does not allow modification or disruption of the system, it can expose sensitive data from memory, potentially including credentials, cryptographic keys, or proprietary information. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. The vulnerability is specific to Adobe's Substance3D - Modeler, a 3D modeling software used primarily by creative professionals for designing and texturing 3D assets.

For European organizations, the primary impact of this vulnerability lies in the potential leakage of sensitive information from memory when users open maliciously crafted files in Substance3D - Modeler. Organizations in sectors such as media, entertainment, design, and manufacturing that rely on Adobe Substance3D products could face confidentiality breaches, risking exposure of intellectual property, design files, or internal credentials. While the vulnerability does not allow code execution or system disruption, the data disclosure could facilitate further attacks or corporate espionage. Given the requirement for user interaction, targeted phishing or social engineering campaigns could be used to deliver malicious files to employees. The medium severity score reflects a moderate risk, but the impact could be significant if sensitive proprietary data is leaked. Additionally, organizations with strict data protection regulations, such as GDPR in Europe, must consider the compliance implications of any data leakage incidents stemming from this vulnerability.

1. Immediate mitigation should focus on user awareness and training to avoid opening files from untrusted or unknown sources, especially in environments where Substance3D - Modeler is used. 2. Implement strict email and file filtering to detect and block potentially malicious 3D model files or attachments. 3. Use application whitelisting and sandboxing techniques to isolate Substance3D - Modeler processes, limiting the impact of any exploitation attempts. 4. Monitor network and endpoint logs for unusual file access or application behavior that could indicate exploitation attempts. 5. Coordinate with Adobe for timely patch deployment once a fix is released; in the meantime, consider restricting Substance3D - Modeler usage to trusted users and environments. 6. Employ Data Loss Prevention (DLP) solutions to detect and prevent unauthorized exfiltration of sensitive data that could result from this vulnerability. 7. Regularly update and audit software inventories to ensure all versions of Substance3D - Modeler are identified and managed appropriately.