CVE-2025-54220 is a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability (CWE-122) identified in Adobe InCopy versions 20.4, 19.5.4, and earlier. The vulnerability arises due to improper handling of heap memory when processing certain file inputs, allowing an attacker to overflow a buffer on the heap. This overflow can overwrite adjacent memory, enabling arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. Exploitation requires user interaction, specifically the victim opening a maliciously crafted InCopy file. No authentication is required, and the attack surface is limited to users who open such files. The vulnerability affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability, as arbitrary code execution can lead to data theft, system compromise, or denial of service. The CVSS v3.1 base score is 7.8, reflecting high severity with attack vector local (requiring user interaction), low attack complexity, no privileges required, and high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. As of the publication date, no patches or official fixes have been released, and no known exploits have been observed in the wild. Adobe InCopy is widely used in publishing and creative industries, making organizations in these sectors particularly vulnerable if they use affected versions. The vulnerability underscores the importance of cautious file handling and prompt patching once updates become available.

The impact of CVE-2025-54220 is significant for organizations using Adobe InCopy, especially in publishing, media, and creative sectors. Successful exploitation can lead to arbitrary code execution with the privileges of the current user, potentially allowing attackers to steal sensitive data, install malware, or disrupt operations. Since the vulnerability affects confidentiality, integrity, and availability, it can result in data breaches, unauthorized system control, and service outages. The requirement for user interaction limits mass exploitation but does not eliminate risk, as targeted spear-phishing or malicious file distribution campaigns could be effective. Organizations with high reliance on Adobe InCopy for document creation and editing may face operational disruptions and reputational damage if exploited. The absence of patches increases exposure until Adobe releases a fix. Additionally, the vulnerability could be leveraged as an initial foothold in a larger attack chain, especially in environments with weak endpoint protections.

1. Immediately implement strict email and file filtering to block or quarantine suspicious files, especially those purporting to be Adobe InCopy documents from untrusted sources. 2. Educate users on the risks of opening files from unknown or untrusted origins and encourage verification before opening. 3. Restrict Adobe InCopy usage to only necessary personnel and consider disabling it on endpoints where it is not required. 4. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for anomalous behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 5. Use application whitelisting and sandboxing to limit the impact of potential code execution. 6. Regularly back up critical data and ensure backups are isolated from the network to enable recovery in case of compromise. 7. Monitor Adobe’s official channels closely for patch releases and apply updates promptly once available. 8. Consider network segmentation to limit lateral movement if an endpoint is compromised. 9. Conduct threat hunting exercises focusing on indicators of compromise related to heap overflow exploitation techniques. 10. Review and harden user privilege levels to minimize the impact of code execution under user context.