CVE-2025-54274 identifies a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Adobe Substance3D - Viewer, a tool widely used for 3D content viewing and design workflows. The flaw exists in versions 0.25.2 and earlier, where improper bounds checking allows an attacker to overwrite the stack memory by crafting a malicious file that, when opened by a user, triggers the overflow. This can lead to arbitrary code execution within the context of the current user, potentially allowing attackers to execute malicious payloads, escalate privileges, or disrupt application functionality. The vulnerability requires user interaction, specifically opening a maliciously crafted file, which limits remote exploitation but does not eliminate risk, especially in environments where users frequently exchange 3D assets. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.8 reflects high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, with low attack complexity but requiring user interaction and no privileges. No patches or exploit code are currently publicly available, but the vulnerability is officially published and reserved since July 2025, indicating Adobe is likely working on remediation. The CWE-121 classification confirms the root cause as a classic stack buffer overflow, a well-understood and dangerous flaw type. Given the software’s use in creative industries, the vulnerability could be leveraged for targeted attacks against design firms, media companies, or other organizations relying on Substance3D for asset visualization.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses significant risks, particularly for those in sectors such as digital media, gaming, architecture, and product design where Adobe Substance3D - Viewer is commonly used. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized code execution, data theft, or disruption of design workflows, potentially causing intellectual property loss or operational downtime. Since the vulnerability requires user interaction, phishing or social engineering campaigns could be employed to deliver malicious files. The impact on confidentiality is high due to possible data exposure, integrity is compromised through potential unauthorized code execution, and availability may be affected if the application or system crashes. Organizations with less mature cybersecurity awareness or lacking strict file handling policies are at greater risk. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate threat but does not preclude future targeted attacks, especially as the vulnerability becomes more widely known.

1. Monitor Adobe’s official channels for patches and apply updates immediately once available to remediate the vulnerability. 2. Until patches are released, restrict the opening of untrusted or unsolicited 3D asset files in Substance3D - Viewer through policy enforcement and user training. 3. Implement application whitelisting to limit execution of unauthorized files or scripts. 4. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions to monitor for suspicious behavior indicative of exploitation attempts. 5. Educate users on the risks of opening files from unknown or unverified sources, emphasizing the specific threat of malicious 3D files. 6. Use network segmentation to isolate systems running Substance3D - Viewer, reducing lateral movement potential. 7. Regularly audit and review file-sharing practices and access controls related to design assets. 8. Consider deploying sandbox environments for opening untrusted files to contain potential exploits. These measures collectively reduce the attack surface and improve detection and response capabilities.