CVE-2025-54831 is a vulnerability identified in Apache Airflow version 3.0.3, a popular open-source platform used for programmatically authoring, scheduling, and monitoring workflows. The issue arises from a change introduced in Airflow 3 related to the handling of sensitive information stored in Connections, which are configurations that often contain credentials or other sensitive data necessary for workflow execution. The intended security model in Airflow 3 was to restrict access to sensitive connection fields exclusively to users with Connection Editing permissions, effectively implementing a "write-only" approach for sensitive values. However, in version 3.0.3, this model was inadvertently broken, allowing users with only READ permissions to view sensitive connection information via both the API and the user interface. This exposure bypasses the configuration option `AIRFLOW__CORE__HIDE_SENSITIVE_VAR_CONN_FIELDS`, which was designed to hide such sensitive fields. Notably, this vulnerability does not affect Airflow 2.x versions, where exposing sensitive information to connection editors was the documented behavior. The flaw could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive credentials or secrets stored in Airflow connections, potentially enabling attackers or unauthorized users to gain access to critical systems or data. Although no known exploits are reported in the wild at this time, the vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the sensitive nature of the exposed information. Users running Airflow 3.0.3 are strongly advised to upgrade to version 3.0.4 or later, where this issue has been addressed.

For European organizations, the exposure of sensitive connection information in Apache Airflow 3.0.3 could have severe consequences. Many enterprises and public sector entities in Europe rely on Airflow for orchestrating complex data pipelines and workflows that often integrate with critical internal and external systems. Unauthorized access to connection credentials could lead to data breaches, unauthorized system access, and lateral movement within networks. This could compromise confidentiality and integrity of sensitive data, including personal data protected under GDPR, potentially resulting in regulatory penalties and reputational damage. Additionally, attackers leveraging exposed credentials might disrupt business operations or exfiltrate sensitive information, impacting availability and trust. Given the widespread adoption of Apache Airflow in data-driven industries such as finance, healthcare, telecommunications, and government services across Europe, the risk is substantial. The vulnerability’s bypass of configuration controls further complicates mitigation, increasing the likelihood of inadvertent exposure. Although no active exploitation is currently known, the potential for targeted attacks or insider threats exploiting this vulnerability remains high.

European organizations should take immediate and specific actions to mitigate this vulnerability beyond generic patching advice. First, upgrade all Apache Airflow instances from version 3.0.3 to 3.0.4 or later, where the issue is fixed. Until the upgrade is completed, restrict READ permissions on Connections to only fully trusted users, minimizing exposure. Review and audit user roles and permissions to ensure the principle of least privilege is enforced, particularly for users with access to the Airflow UI and API. Implement strict network segmentation and access controls to limit who can reach Airflow services. Enable comprehensive logging and monitoring of access to connection data to detect any unauthorized access attempts promptly. Additionally, consider rotating credentials stored in Airflow Connections after patching to invalidate any potentially exposed secrets. Organizations should also review their configuration settings, ensuring that sensitive fields are properly hidden and that the `AIRFLOW__CORE__HIDE_SENSITIVE_VAR_CONN_FIELDS` option is correctly applied post-upgrade. Finally, conduct security awareness training for administrators and users managing Airflow to highlight the importance of secure handling of connection information.