CVE-2025-54884 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting versions 1.4.0 and below of Vision UI, a set of enterprise-grade, dependency-free modules for modern web projects developed by DavidOsipov. The vulnerability arises from uncontrolled resource consumption in two functions within the security-kit component (versions prior to 3.5.0) bundled in Vision UI: generateSecureId(length) and getSecureRandomInt(min, max). The generateSecureId function uses the length parameter directly to allocate a Uint8Array buffer without sufficient validation or limits, allowing an attacker to request very large IDs repeatedly. This leads to excessive memory allocation, potentially exhausting server resources and causing Denial of Service (DoS). Similarly, getSecureRandomInt calculates buffer size based on the numeric range between min and max parameters. Large ranges cause excessive memory allocation and CPU-intensive rejection-sampling loops, which can hang the processing thread. Both issues stem from insufficient input validation and lack of resource usage constraints. The vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction and can be exploited remotely over the network. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 8.7 (high), reflecting the network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges or user interaction needed, and high impact on availability. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild. The issue is fixed in Vision UI version 1.5.0, which presumably implements proper input validation and resource limits to prevent excessive memory and CPU consumption. This vulnerability is categorized under CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) and CWE-770 (Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling).

For European organizations using Vision UI versions below 1.5.0, this vulnerability poses a significant risk of Denial of Service attacks. An attacker can remotely trigger excessive memory and CPU consumption on servers hosting vulnerable Vision UI components by sending crafted requests with large parameters to generateSecureId or getSecureRandomInt functions. This can lead to service outages, degraded performance, and potential cascading failures in dependent systems. Organizations providing web services or APIs using Vision UI may experience downtime, impacting business continuity and customer trust. Critical infrastructure or financial services relying on these modules could face operational disruptions. Additionally, the resource exhaustion could be leveraged as a smokescreen for other attacks or to disrupt incident response. While no data confidentiality or integrity impact is indicated, availability degradation alone can have severe consequences, especially for high-availability or real-time systems. The lack of authentication or user interaction requirements increases the attack surface, making it easier for remote attackers to exploit the vulnerability at scale. European entities with public-facing web applications or microservices using Vision UI are particularly at risk.

1. Immediate upgrade to Vision UI version 1.5.0 or later, which contains the fix for this vulnerability, is the primary and most effective mitigation. 2. Implement input validation and rate limiting at the application or API gateway level to restrict the size of parameters passed to generateSecureId and getSecureRandomInt functions, preventing excessively large values that trigger resource exhaustion. 3. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block anomalous requests with unusually large parameter values targeting these functions. 4. Monitor server resource usage (memory and CPU) closely for spikes or unusual patterns that may indicate exploitation attempts. 5. Use runtime application self-protection (RASP) tools to detect and mitigate resource exhaustion attacks in real time. 6. Conduct code audits and penetration testing focused on resource consumption vulnerabilities in custom modules or third-party dependencies. 7. Isolate critical services using containerization or microservice architectures to limit the blast radius of potential DoS attacks. 8. Educate development teams about secure coding practices related to resource allocation and input validation to prevent similar issues in future releases.