CVE-2025-54884 is a high-severity vulnerability affecting versions 1.4.0 and below of Vision UI, a set of enterprise-grade, dependency-free modules for modern web projects developed by DavidOsipov. The vulnerability arises from uncontrolled resource consumption (CWE-400) and improper handling of memory allocation (CWE-770) in two critical functions within the security-kit component packaged in Vision UI: generateSecureId and getSecureRandomInt. The generateSecureId(length) function uses the length parameter directly to allocate a Uint8Array buffer without sufficient upper bounds, allowing an attacker to request arbitrarily large IDs. This can lead to excessive memory consumption and potential denial of service (DoS) by exhausting server resources. Previously, a limit of 1024 was in place but was insufficient to prevent abuse. Similarly, the getSecureRandomInt(min, max) function calculates buffer size based on the difference between min and max parameters. When these parameters specify a large range, the function allocates excessive memory and performs CPU-intensive rejection-sampling loops, which can hang the processing thread and degrade service availability. Both functions lack authentication or user interaction requirements, making them remotely exploitable over the network with low attack complexity. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 (high severity), reflecting its potential to cause significant availability impact without requiring privileges or user interaction. The issue was fixed in Vision UI version 1.5.0 by implementing proper input validation and resource allocation limits to prevent excessive memory and CPU usage. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the vulnerability's nature makes it a prime target for DoS attacks against web services using vulnerable versions of Vision UI.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the availability of web applications and services that incorporate Vision UI versions below 1.5.0. Exploitation can lead to denial of service conditions by exhausting server memory and CPU resources, resulting in service outages, degraded performance, and potential cascading failures in dependent systems. This can disrupt business operations, customer-facing portals, and internal tools, especially in sectors relying heavily on web-based platforms such as finance, healthcare, e-commerce, and public administration. The lack of authentication requirements means attackers can launch attacks remotely without credentials, increasing the threat surface. Additionally, prolonged outages or degraded service can lead to reputational damage, regulatory scrutiny under GDPR for service availability, and financial losses. Organizations with high-availability requirements or those operating critical infrastructure may face amplified consequences. The vulnerability's exploitation could also be used as a smokescreen for other malicious activities during downtime.

European organizations should immediately audit their software inventories to identify deployments of Vision UI versions below 1.5.0. The primary mitigation is to upgrade all affected instances to version 1.5.0 or later, where the vulnerability is patched. If immediate upgrade is not feasible, implement strict input validation and rate limiting on endpoints that invoke generateSecureId and getSecureRandomInt functions to prevent large or malformed parameter values. Employ Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) with custom rules to detect and block anomalous requests that attempt to allocate excessive resources. Monitor server memory and CPU usage closely for unusual spikes that may indicate exploitation attempts. Consider isolating vulnerable services behind reverse proxies or API gateways that can enforce request size and frequency limits. Additionally, conduct penetration testing focused on resource exhaustion scenarios to validate defenses. Maintain up-to-date incident response plans to quickly address potential DoS events. Finally, engage with the Vision UI vendor or community for any backported patches or security advisories.