CVE-2025-55077 is a medium-severity vulnerability affecting Tyler Technologies ERP Pro 9 SaaS, a cloud-based enterprise resource planning platform. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-250 (Execution with Unnecessary Privileges), CWE-668 (Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere), and CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization). It allows an authenticated user to escape the confines of the ERP application and execute limited operating system commands within the underlying remote Microsoft Windows environment. The commands execute with the privileges of the authenticated user, which implies that the level of access depends on the user's permissions within the system. Notably, no user interaction or elevated privileges beyond authentication are required to exploit this vulnerability, and it can be triggered remotely over the network. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3, reflecting a medium severity due to the combination of network attack vector, low attack complexity, no required authentication beyond user login, and limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Tyler Technologies has implemented hardened remote Windows environment settings for all ERP Pro 9 SaaS customer environments as of August 1, 2025, which likely mitigates or reduces the exploitability of this vulnerability. However, no specific patches or updates have been linked, and no known exploits are reported in the wild as of the publication date. The vulnerability arises from improper authorization and privilege management, allowing users to perform actions beyond their intended scope within the SaaS environment, potentially leading to unauthorized command execution on the host Windows system. This could enable lateral movement, data exposure, or disruption depending on the authenticated user's privileges and the commands executed.

For European organizations using Tyler Technologies ERP Pro 9 SaaS, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized command execution within their managed Windows environments. Since the exploit requires authenticated access, the primary risk vector is compromised or malicious insider accounts or weak credential management. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to sensitive data, manipulation of business-critical processes, or disruption of ERP services. Given that ERP systems often handle financial, operational, and personal data, the confidentiality and integrity of such data could be compromised. The availability of ERP services could also be impacted if attackers execute disruptive commands. The risk is heightened in sectors with stringent data protection requirements under GDPR, as any data breach or unauthorized access could lead to regulatory penalties and reputational damage. The hardened environment settings deployed by Tyler Technologies reduce the likelihood of exploitation but do not eliminate the risk entirely, especially if organizations have not implemented additional compensating controls. Organizations relying heavily on ERP Pro 9 SaaS for critical operations should consider this vulnerability in their risk assessments and incident response planning.

1. Enforce strict access controls and least privilege principles for all user accounts with access to ERP Pro 9 SaaS to minimize the risk of exploitation by malicious insiders or compromised accounts. 2. Implement strong multi-factor authentication (MFA) to reduce the risk of unauthorized access through credential compromise. 3. Regularly monitor and audit user activities within the ERP environment and the underlying Windows systems to detect anomalous command executions or privilege escalations. 4. Coordinate with Tyler Technologies to confirm that the hardened remote Windows environment settings have been applied and verify their effectiveness through security assessments or penetration testing. 5. Apply any future patches or updates provided by Tyler Technologies promptly once available. 6. Employ network segmentation and endpoint protection measures to limit the impact of potential command execution beyond the ERP environment. 7. Educate users about the risks of credential sharing and phishing attacks that could lead to account compromise. 8. Integrate ERP logs with centralized security information and event management (SIEM) systems for real-time threat detection and response.