CVE-2025-55077 is a medium-severity vulnerability identified in Tyler Technologies ERP Pro 9 SaaS, a cloud-based enterprise resource planning solution. The vulnerability is classified under CWE-250 (Execution with Unnecessary Privileges), CWE-668 (Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere), and CWE-863 (Incorrect Authorization). It allows an authenticated user to escape the confines of the ERP application and execute limited operating system commands within the underlying remote Microsoft Windows environment. The commands execute with the privileges of the authenticated user, which implies that the level of risk depends on the user's assigned permissions within the ERP system. This vulnerability does not require user interaction beyond authentication and can be exploited remotely over the network (AV:N). The attack complexity is low (AC:L), and no additional privileges or user interaction are required (PR:L, UI:N). The vulnerability impacts confidentiality, integrity, and availability to a limited extent (VC:L, VI:L, VA:L), and the scope is limited to the same security authority (SC:L). Tyler Technologies has deployed hardened remote Windows environment settings to all ERP Pro 9 SaaS customer environments as of August 1, 2025, indicating a mitigation step post-disclosure. No public exploits are known at this time. The CVSS v4.0 base score is 5.3, reflecting a medium severity rating. The vulnerability essentially allows an authenticated user to perform OS-level commands that could lead to unauthorized actions or data exposure beyond the intended application boundaries, potentially enabling lateral movement or privilege escalation within the Windows environment hosting the ERP SaaS service.

For European organizations using Tyler Technologies ERP Pro 9 SaaS, this vulnerability poses a moderate risk. Since the exploit requires authentication, the primary threat vector is from insiders or compromised user accounts. If exploited, attackers could execute OS commands with the privileges of the authenticated user, potentially leading to unauthorized data access, modification, or disruption of ERP services. This could affect business-critical operations such as financial management, human resources, or public sector services managed through the ERP. The impact on confidentiality and integrity could lead to data breaches or manipulation, while availability impacts could disrupt organizational workflows. Given the SaaS nature, the risk also extends to multi-tenant environments where improper isolation could lead to cross-customer impact if further chained with other vulnerabilities. European organizations in sectors such as government, education, and local authorities—where Tyler Technologies has a strong presence—may be particularly affected. The deployment of hardened remote Windows environment settings reduces risk but does not eliminate it, especially if users have elevated privileges or if credential compromise occurs.

1. Enforce strict access controls and least privilege principles within the ERP Pro 9 SaaS environment to minimize the privileges of authenticated users. 2. Monitor and audit user activities for unusual command execution or access patterns that could indicate exploitation attempts. 3. Ensure all ERP Pro 9 SaaS instances are updated with the latest hardened remote Windows environment settings deployed by Tyler Technologies as of August 1, 2025. 4. Implement strong authentication mechanisms, including multi-factor authentication (MFA), to reduce the risk of credential compromise. 5. Segment and isolate ERP SaaS environments from other critical infrastructure to limit lateral movement in case of exploitation. 6. Conduct regular security training for users to recognize phishing or social engineering attempts that could lead to account compromise. 7. Collaborate with Tyler Technologies support to receive timely updates and patches addressing this and related vulnerabilities. 8. Employ endpoint detection and response (EDR) solutions on client systems accessing the SaaS environment to detect anomalous OS command executions. 9. Review and tighten network-level controls to restrict unnecessary outbound or inbound connections from the ERP SaaS environment.