CVE-2025-55082 is a vulnerability identified in the Eclipse Foundation's NetX Duo, a widely used embedded TCP/IP stack, specifically in versions prior to 6.4.4. The flaw resides in the _nx_secure_tls_process_clienthello() function, which processes the TLS ClientHello message during the handshake phase. The vulnerability is caused by a missing validation of the Pre-Shared Key (PSK) length field provided by the client. This improper validation leads to an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125), where the software reads memory beyond the intended buffer boundaries. Such out-of-bounds reads can cause information disclosure by leaking sensitive memory contents or potentially trigger application crashes due to memory access violations. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9 (medium severity), reflecting that the vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network without requiring authentication or user interaction. The attack vector is network-based (AV:N), with low attack complexity (AC:L), and no privileges or user interaction needed (PR:N/UI:N). The impact is limited to confidentiality (VC:L) with no impact on integrity or availability. No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, but the vulnerability poses a risk to embedded devices and IoT systems that rely on NetX Duo for secure communications. The lack of patch links indicates that users should monitor the Eclipse Foundation's advisories for updates. This vulnerability highlights the importance of strict input validation in TLS handshake processing within embedded networking stacks.

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-55082 is primarily related to confidentiality breaches in embedded and IoT devices that use vulnerable versions of NetX Duo. These devices are often found in industrial automation, telecommunications, smart infrastructure, and critical control systems. An attacker exploiting this vulnerability could remotely read sensitive memory contents, potentially exposing cryptographic keys, credentials, or other confidential data. While the vulnerability does not directly affect system integrity or availability, leaked information could facilitate further attacks or espionage. European industries with extensive use of embedded systems, such as manufacturing plants, energy grids, and telecom providers, could face increased risk of intellectual property theft or disruption of secure communications. The absence of known exploits reduces immediate risk but does not eliminate the threat, especially as attackers may develop exploits targeting these embedded environments. Therefore, the vulnerability could undermine trust in secure communications and data confidentiality in critical sectors across Europe.

To mitigate CVE-2025-55082, organizations should immediately identify all devices and systems using NetX Duo versions prior to 6.4.4. The primary mitigation is to upgrade to NetX Duo version 6.4.4 or later, where the PSK length validation issue has been addressed. If immediate patching is not feasible, organizations should implement network-level controls to restrict access to vulnerable devices, such as firewall rules limiting TLS handshake traffic to trusted sources. Additionally, monitoring network traffic for anomalous TLS ClientHello messages with irregular PSK lengths can help detect exploitation attempts. Embedded device manufacturers should review their TLS handshake implementations to ensure strict validation of all input fields, particularly PSK lengths. Security teams should also conduct penetration testing and code audits on embedded systems to identify similar input validation weaknesses. Finally, maintaining an up-to-date inventory of embedded devices and their software versions will facilitate rapid response to such vulnerabilities in the future.