CVE-2025-55366 is a security vulnerability identified in the jshERP software version 3.5, specifically within the UserController.java component. The vulnerability arises from incorrect access control mechanisms that allow an attacker to arbitrarily reset user account passwords. This flaw enables a horizontal privilege escalation attack, meaning an attacker can assume the identity of another user with the same privilege level without authorization. The vulnerability is rooted in insufficient validation or enforcement of access control policies when handling password reset requests, allowing unauthorized users to manipulate account credentials. Although no known exploits are reported in the wild as of now, the vulnerability presents a significant risk because it compromises user account integrity and can lead to unauthorized access to sensitive business information managed by the ERP system. The absence of a CVSS score indicates that the vulnerability has not yet been fully assessed for severity, but the nature of the flaw suggests a critical weakness in authentication and authorization controls.

For European organizations using jshERP v3.5, this vulnerability could have severe consequences. ERP systems typically manage critical business processes including finance, human resources, supply chain, and customer data. Unauthorized password resets and horizontal privilege escalations could allow attackers to impersonate legitimate users, leading to data breaches, fraudulent transactions, and disruption of business operations. Confidentiality is at risk as attackers may access sensitive personal and corporate data. Integrity could be compromised through unauthorized changes to records or configurations. Availability might also be affected if attackers disrupt normal ERP functions. Given the central role of ERP systems in enterprise resource management, exploitation could result in financial losses, regulatory non-compliance (especially under GDPR), reputational damage, and operational downtime.

To mitigate this vulnerability, organizations should first verify if they are running jshERP version 3.5 and prioritize upgrading to a patched version once available. In the absence of an official patch, immediate steps include implementing strict access control policies around password reset functionalities, such as requiring multi-factor authentication (MFA) for password changes and enforcing strong verification of user identity before processing reset requests. Monitoring and logging all password reset attempts can help detect suspicious activities. Additionally, organizations should conduct thorough code reviews and penetration testing focused on access control mechanisms within the UserController component. Network segmentation and limiting ERP system access to trusted internal networks can reduce exposure. Finally, educating users about phishing and social engineering risks can prevent attackers from leveraging compromised credentials to exploit this vulnerability.