CVE-2025-5544 is a path traversal vulnerability identified in the aaluoxiang oa_system product, specifically affecting the 'image' function within the UserpanelController.java file located at src/main/java/cn/gson/oasys/controller/user/. This vulnerability allows an attacker to manipulate file paths remotely, potentially accessing files and directories outside the intended scope of the application. The vulnerability arises due to insufficient validation or sanitization of user-supplied input used in file path construction, enabling traversal sequences (e.g., '../') to access arbitrary filesystem locations. The affected version is identified by a specific commit hash (5b445a6227b51cee287bd0c7c33ed94b801a82a5), but due to the product's continuous delivery model with rolling releases, precise versioning details are unavailable. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3, indicating a medium severity level. The vector indicates that the attack can be launched remotely (AV:N), requires low attack complexity (AC:L), no authentication (AT:N), no user interaction (UI:N), and has low impact on confidentiality (VC:L), with no impact on integrity or availability. No known exploits are currently in the wild, and no patches or updates have been publicly disclosed yet. The vulnerability's exploitation could allow unauthorized reading of sensitive files, potentially exposing configuration files, credentials, or other sensitive data stored on the server hosting the oa_system application.

For European organizations using the aaluoxiang oa_system, this vulnerability poses a risk of unauthorized data disclosure. Given the medium severity and the ability to exploit remotely without authentication or user interaction, attackers could leverage this flaw to access sensitive internal files, leading to potential data breaches. This is particularly concerning for organizations handling personal data under GDPR, as unauthorized access could result in regulatory penalties and reputational damage. The limited impact on integrity and availability reduces the risk of system disruption or data tampering; however, the confidentiality breach alone is significant. Since the product uses continuous delivery with rolling releases, organizations may face challenges in tracking vulnerable versions and applying timely updates. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently reduces immediate risk, but public disclosure increases the likelihood of future exploitation attempts. European entities relying on this system for internal communications, document management, or workflow automation should consider this vulnerability a moderate threat to their data security posture.

Organizations should implement strict input validation and sanitization on all user-supplied data, especially parameters used in file path construction, to prevent path traversal sequences. Employing allowlists for file paths or restricting file access to specific directories can mitigate exploitation. Since no official patches are currently available, organizations should monitor vendor communications for updates or hotfixes. In the interim, deploying web application firewalls (WAFs) with rules designed to detect and block path traversal attempts can provide a protective layer. Conducting code reviews and penetration testing focused on file handling functions within the oa_system is advisable. Additionally, restricting file system permissions for the application process to the minimum necessary scope limits the potential damage from exploitation. Logging and monitoring access to sensitive files can help detect suspicious activity early. Finally, organizations should maintain an inventory of affected systems and ensure rapid deployment of patches once released.