CVE-2025-5546 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.1 of the PHPGurukul Daily Expense Tracker System, specifically in the /expense-reports-detailed.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'fromdate' and 'todate' input parameters, which are used to filter expense reports by date. An attacker can remotely exploit this flaw by crafting malicious input for these parameters, injecting arbitrary SQL commands into the backend database query. This can lead to unauthorized data access, data modification, or potentially database corruption. The vulnerability does not require user interaction and can be exploited over the network without authentication, increasing its risk profile. The CVSS 4.0 score is 5.3, indicating a medium severity, reflecting limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability, and the requirement of low privileges (PR:L). However, the vulnerability still poses a significant risk as it can be used to extract sensitive financial data or manipulate records within the expense tracking system. No public exploits are currently known in the wild, and no official patches have been released yet. The vulnerability is publicly disclosed, which may increase the likelihood of exploitation attempts.

For European organizations using PHPGurukul Daily Expense Tracker System version 1.1, this vulnerability could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive financial data, including detailed expense reports. This could result in privacy violations, financial fraud, and damage to organizational reputation. The integrity of financial records could be compromised, affecting accounting accuracy and compliance with regulatory requirements such as GDPR. Availability impact is limited but could occur if the database is manipulated or corrupted. Since the vulnerability can be exploited remotely without user interaction, attackers could automate attacks to extract data or escalate privileges within the affected system. Organizations in sectors with strict financial controls, such as banking, insurance, and public administration, may face increased risks. Additionally, exposure of sensitive financial data could lead to legal liabilities under European data protection laws.

Organizations should immediately audit their use of PHPGurukul Daily Expense Tracker System 1.1 and restrict access to the /expense-reports-detailed.php endpoint. Implement input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection. If source code access is available, developers should sanitize and validate 'fromdate' and 'todate' parameters rigorously. Network-level controls such as web application firewalls (WAFs) should be configured to detect and block SQL injection attempts targeting these parameters. Monitoring and logging of database queries and application logs should be enhanced to detect anomalous activities. Until an official patch is released, consider isolating the application from external networks or limiting access to trusted IP addresses. Conduct penetration testing focused on SQL injection vectors to identify and remediate similar vulnerabilities. Finally, maintain an incident response plan to quickly address any exploitation attempts.