VulnerabilityPublished 4 Jun 2025

CVE-2025-5548: FreeFloat FTP Server · Buffer Overflow

Affects FreeFloat FTP ServerSource CVE Database V5

Public exploit available (Exploit-DB) · 14% EPSS · CVSS 6.9 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 17:16 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

6.9Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 14.9% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 96% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: Low
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the Vulnerable System are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

t = 0 is the CVE’s publication on cve.org

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 4 Jun 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: evidence found.
1 Exploit-DB entry, 9 days after disclosure
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

CVE ID reserved
by VulDB
3 Jun 202516:40 UTC, 8 hours before disclosure
CVE published
on cve.org
4 Jun 202500:31 UTC, t = 0
In Threat Radar
record ingested
4 Jun 202500:45 UTC, 14 minutes after disclosure
First Exploit-DB entry (opens in a new tab)
Freefloat FTP Server 1.0 - Remote Buffer Overflow
13 Jun 2025, 9 days after disclosure

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
FreeFloat FTP Server	Affected =1.0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Immediate mitigation steps include isolating or disabling the FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 instances until a vendor patch or update is available. Network-level controls such as firewall rules should restrict access to the FTP service to trusted IP addresses only. Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or anomaly detection for FTP traffic to identify and block suspicious NOOP command patterns. Organizations should conduct thorough inventories to identify all instances of FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 and assess exposure. If FTP functionality is essential, consider migrating to more secure, actively maintained FTP server software that does not have this vulnerability. Additionally, implement network segmentation to limit lateral movement if a server is compromised. Monitoring logs for unusual FTP activity and establishing incident response plans for potential exploitation attempts are also recommended. Since no patches are currently available, these compensating controls are critical to reduce risk.

Description

A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0. Affected is an unknown function of the component NOOP Command Handler. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow. It is possible to launch the attack remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Impact

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-5548 depends largely on the deployment of FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 within their infrastructure. Organizations using this FTP server for file transfer operations expose themselves to risks including unauthorized code execution, data breaches, or service disruption. Confidentiality could be compromised if attackers gain access to sensitive files or credentials stored or transmitted via the FTP server. Integrity and availability are also at risk due to potential memory corruption and crashes. Critical infrastructure sectors, financial institutions, and enterprises relying on FTP for legacy systems may face operational disruptions and reputational damage. The medium severity rating suggests that while the vulnerability is serious, exploitation may require specific conditions or may not lead to full system compromise in all cases. However, the lack of authentication and user interaction requirements lowers the barrier for attackers, increasing the threat level. European organizations should be particularly vigilant if FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 is used in exposed network segments or integrated with other critical systems.

References

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Exploitation evidence

Timeline

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 4 Jul 2025, 22:56 UTC

Public exploits and detection1 Exploit-DB entry

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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