CVE-2025-55526 is a critical directory traversal vulnerability identified in the n8n-workflows project, specifically within the download_workflow function of the api_server.py file. Directory traversal (CWE-22) vulnerabilities allow an attacker to manipulate file path inputs to access files and directories outside the intended scope, potentially exposing sensitive data or enabling further exploitation. In this case, the vulnerability permits unauthenticated remote attackers to execute directory traversal attacks without any user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). The vulnerability has a high impact on confidentiality and integrity, allowing attackers to read arbitrary files on the server, which could include configuration files, credentials, or other sensitive workflow data. The vulnerability does not affect availability directly but could lead to significant data breaches or unauthorized disclosure. The CVSS score of 9.1 (critical) reflects the ease of exploitation (no privileges or user interaction required) and the high impact on confidentiality and integrity. Although no specific affected versions are listed, the vulnerability is tied to a main commit (ee25413) in the n8n-workflows repository, suggesting it affects recent or current versions of the software. No patches or known exploits in the wild have been reported at the time of publication (August 26, 2025), but the critical nature of the flaw necessitates urgent attention. n8n is an open-source workflow automation tool used to integrate various services and automate tasks, often deployed in enterprise environments to streamline business processes. The exposure of workflow files or configuration data could lead to further compromise or data leakage.

For European organizations using n8n for workflow automation and integration, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Unauthorized access to workflow files could expose sensitive business logic, credentials, or API keys embedded within workflows, leading to data breaches or lateral movement within networks. Given the critical severity and ease of exploitation, attackers could leverage this vulnerability to gain insights into internal processes or escalate attacks. Organizations in sectors with stringent data protection requirements, such as finance, healthcare, and government, could face regulatory penalties if sensitive data is exposed. Additionally, the compromise of automation workflows could disrupt business operations or lead to manipulation of automated tasks, impacting service integrity. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements means that attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely and at scale, increasing the threat surface for European enterprises relying on n8n. The absence of known exploits in the wild currently provides a window for proactive mitigation before widespread attacks occur.

1. Immediate review and update: Organizations should monitor the n8n project repositories and official channels for patches addressing CVE-2025-55526 and apply them promptly once available. 2. Access controls: Restrict network access to the n8n server, limiting exposure to trusted internal networks or VPNs to reduce the attack surface. 3. Input validation and sanitization: Until patches are applied, implement web application firewalls (WAFs) or reverse proxies with rules to detect and block directory traversal patterns targeting the download_workflow endpoint. 4. Audit and monitoring: Enable detailed logging of API requests to detect anomalous access patterns or attempts to exploit directory traversal. 5. Segmentation: Isolate n8n instances from critical infrastructure and sensitive data stores to limit potential impact if compromised. 6. Credential management: Rotate any credentials or API keys embedded in workflows regularly and consider using environment variables or secure vaults instead of hardcoding sensitive data. 7. Incident response readiness: Prepare to respond to potential exploitation by having forensic and remediation plans in place, including backups of workflows and configurations.