CVE-2025-5560 is a SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.0 of the PHPGurukul Curfew e-Pass Management System, specifically within an unknown function in the /index.php file. The vulnerability arises from improper sanitization or validation of the 'searchdata' parameter, which is directly used in SQL queries. This flaw allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to inject malicious SQL code, potentially manipulating the backend database. The attack vector requires no authentication or user interaction, making exploitation straightforward if the system is accessible over the network. The vulnerability has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, with network attack vector, low complexity, and no privileges or user interaction required. The impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability is rated low individually, suggesting limited but non-negligible consequences such as unauthorized data disclosure, data modification, or partial service disruption. No official patches or mitigations have been published yet, and no known exploits are currently observed in the wild, though public disclosure of the exploit code increases the risk of future attacks. The Curfew e-Pass Management System is typically used by governmental or administrative bodies to manage movement permissions during curfew or lockdown scenarios, making it a critical infrastructure component in affected regions. The vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive personal data, manipulate e-pass records, or disrupt the issuance process, undermining public safety and trust in digital governance systems.

For European organizations, especially governmental agencies or municipalities using the PHPGurukul Curfew e-Pass Management System or similar e-pass management platforms, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to personal citizen data, including identity and movement permissions, violating privacy regulations such as GDPR. Data integrity could be compromised by altering or deleting e-pass records, potentially allowing unauthorized movement during curfews or lockdowns, which could have public safety implications. Availability impacts, while rated low, could disrupt critical administrative functions during emergency situations. The reputational damage and legal consequences from data breaches could be substantial. Given the remote and unauthenticated nature of the exploit, attackers could target these systems en masse, increasing the threat landscape for European public sector entities relying on such software.

1. Immediate mitigation should involve implementing strict input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements to prevent SQL injection in the 'searchdata' parameter. 2. Conduct a thorough code audit of the /index.php file and related components to identify and remediate similar injection points. 3. Restrict network access to the e-pass management system to trusted IP ranges and enforce strong firewall rules to reduce exposure. 4. Deploy Web Application Firewalls (WAF) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the application. 5. Monitor logs for unusual query patterns or repeated failed attempts indicative of exploitation attempts. 6. Engage with the vendor or community to obtain or develop patches and apply them promptly once available. 7. Educate system administrators on the risks and signs of SQL injection attacks to enable rapid response. 8. Consider implementing multi-factor authentication and additional authorization checks around sensitive operations to limit damage if exploitation occurs.