VulnerabilityPublished 22 Aug 2025Updated 11 Sep 2025

CVE-2025-55631: Uncontrolled Resource Consumption

Source CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 4.0 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 09:15 UTC

CVSS 3.1 base score

4.0Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.1% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 3% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L

Attack Vector: Local
Attack Complexity: Low
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Scope: Unchanged
Confidentiality: None
Integrity: None
Availability: Low

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Local: The vulnerable component is not bound to the network stack and the attacker’s path is via read/write/execute capabilities. Either: the attacker exploits the vulnerability by accessing the target system locally (e.g., keyboard, console), or remotely (e.g., SSH); or the attacker relies on User Interaction by another person to perform actions required to exploit the vulnerability (e.g., tricking a legitimate user into opening a malicious document).
Attack Complexity: Low: Specialized access conditions or extenuating circumstances do not exist. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable component.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without any interaction from any user.
Scope: Unchanged: An exploited vulnerability can only affect resources managed by the same security authority. In this case, the vulnerable component and the impacted component are either the same, or both are managed by the same security authority.
Confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the impacted component.
Integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the impacted component.
Availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the impacted component are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the impacted component.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v3.1 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 22 Aug 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

AI-suggested

To mitigate this vulnerability, European organizations should first verify if firmware updates or patches become available from Reolink addressing session management. Until then, practical steps include: 1) Network segmentation: Isolate the doorbell devices on a dedicated VLAN or subnet with strict access controls to limit exposure to potential attackers. 2) Access control: Restrict local network access to trusted devices and users only, employing strong authentication mechanisms on the network level (e.g., WPA3 for Wi-Fi). 3) Monitoring and alerting: Implement network monitoring to detect abnormal session creation patterns or resource exhaustion indicators related to these devices. 4) Physical security: Limit physical access to the devices to prevent attackers from gaining local network access. 5) Device configuration: Review and minimize the number of concurrent sessions or users where possible, and disable unnecessary services or features that could increase attack surface. 6) Incident response planning: Prepare procedures to quickly reboot or reset affected devices to restore service in case of DoS. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on network architecture and operational controls tailored to the device's limitations and attack vector.

Description

Reolink Smart 2K+ Plug-in Wi-Fi Video Doorbell with Chime - firmware v3.0.0.4662_2503122283 was discovered to manage users' sessions system wide instead of an account-by-account basis, potentially leading to a Denial of Service (DoS) via resource exhaustion. NOTE: the Supplier reports that the system-wide limit is intentional.

Impact

For European organizations, especially those deploying Reolink Smart 2K+ Wi-Fi Video Doorbells in office buildings, residential complexes, or critical infrastructure sites, this vulnerability could lead to service disruptions. A successful DoS attack could prevent authorized users from accessing video feeds or doorbell functionalities, potentially impacting physical security monitoring and access control. While the impact on confidentiality and integrity is negligible, availability is affected, which can degrade security posture and operational continuity. In environments where these devices are integrated into broader security or building management systems, the DoS could cascade, affecting automated responses or alerting mechanisms. Given the medium severity and local attack vector, the threat is more relevant to attackers with physical or network proximity to the device, such as insiders or nearby adversaries. The lack of user interaction and privileges required lowers the barrier for exploitation once local access is obtained. This could be particularly concerning in multi-tenant buildings or public spaces where attackers might attempt to disrupt security monitoring.

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (opens in a new tab)
Class weaknessLikelihood of exploit: High
The product does not properly control the allocation and maintenance of a limited resource.
MITRE discourages mapping vulnerabilities to this broad entry; the root cause is usually a more specific weakness.
Architecture and Design
Design throttling mechanisms into the system architecture. The best protection is to limit the amount of resources that an unauthorized user can cause to be expended. A strong authentication and access control model will help prevent such attacks from occurring in the first place.
Architecture and Design
Mitigation of resource exhaustion attacks requires that the target system either: recognizes the attack and denies that user further access for a given amount of time, or; uniformly throttles all requests in order to make it more difficult to consume resources more quickly than they can again be freed.
Architecture and Design
Ensure that protocols have specific limits of scale placed on them.
OWASP Cheat Sheets
File Upload (opens in a new tab)
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.1.1 (opens in a new tab)
Attack patterns
XML Ping of the Death (opens in a new tab)
Regular Expression Exponential Blowup (opens in a new tab)
Sustained Client Engagement (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

relieved-knuckle-264.notion.site/Token-max-Dos-23c437003642804db673cbd5449fcc67?source=copy_link (opens in a new tab)

Community reviews

Loading reviews…

Exploitation evidence

What to do

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 11 Sep 2025, 19:12 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-400

Technical details

References

Community reviews

Related threats