CVE-2025-5577 is a critical SQL Injection vulnerability identified in version 1.3 of the PHPGurukul Dairy Farm Shop Management System. The flaw exists in an unspecified function within the /profile.php file, where the 'mobilenumber' parameter is improperly sanitized, allowing an attacker to inject malicious SQL code. This vulnerability can be exploited remotely without requiring any authentication or user interaction, making it highly accessible to attackers. Successful exploitation could lead to unauthorized access to the backend database, enabling attackers to read, modify, or delete sensitive data stored within the system. Given the nature of the application—a management system for dairy farm shops—compromised data could include customer information, transaction records, inventory data, and potentially financial details. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, indicating a medium severity level, primarily due to the limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated low to limited). However, the ease of exploitation (network attack vector, no privileges or user interaction required) elevates the risk profile. No patches or fixes have been publicly disclosed yet, and there are no known exploits in the wild at the time of publication, but the public disclosure of the exploit code increases the likelihood of imminent attacks.

For European organizations using the PHPGurukul Dairy Farm Shop Management System, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to operational continuity and data security. Dairy farm shops often handle sensitive customer data, including contact details and payment information, which if exposed, could lead to privacy violations under GDPR regulations. Unauthorized database access could also disrupt business operations by altering inventory or sales data, potentially causing financial losses and reputational damage. Furthermore, compromised systems could be leveraged as entry points for broader network intrusions, especially in integrated supply chain environments common in European agriculture sectors. The medium CVSS score suggests that while the vulnerability may not lead to full system compromise, the potential for data leakage and manipulation is sufficient to warrant urgent attention. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements means attackers can automate exploitation attempts, increasing the threat level.

Immediate mitigation steps should include implementing input validation and parameterized queries or prepared statements in the /profile.php file to prevent SQL injection. Organizations should conduct a thorough code review of all input handling related to database queries. Until an official patch is released by PHPGurukul, deploying a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with custom rules to detect and block SQL injection patterns targeting the 'mobilenumber' parameter can reduce exposure. Monitoring database logs for unusual queries and setting up alerts for suspicious activities is also recommended. Additionally, restricting database user privileges to the minimum necessary can limit the impact of a successful injection. European organizations should engage with PHPGurukul for timely updates and consider isolating the affected application from critical internal networks to contain potential breaches. Regular backups and incident response plans should be reviewed and tested to ensure rapid recovery if exploitation occurs.