VulnerabilityPublished 4 Jun 2025

CVE-2025-5594: FreeFloat FTP Server · Buffer Overflow

Affects FreeFloat FTP ServerSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 6.9 Medium.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 12:55 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

6.9Medium

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.6% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 51% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low
Vulnerable system integrity: Low
Vulnerable system availability: Low
Subsequent system confidentiality: None
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: Low: There is some loss of confidentiality. Access to some restricted information is obtained, but the attacker does not have control over what information is obtained, or the amount or kind of loss is limited. The information disclosure does not cause a direct, serious loss to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system integrity: Low: Modification of data is possible, but the attacker does not have control over the consequence of a modification, or the amount of modification is limited. The data modification does not have a direct, serious impact to the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: Low: Performance is reduced or there are interruptions in resource availability. Even if repeated exploitation of the vulnerability is possible, the attacker does not have the ability to completely deny service to legitimate users. The resources in the Vulnerable System are either partially available all of the time, or fully available only some of the time, but overall there is no direct, serious consequence to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: None: There is no loss of confidentiality within the Subsequent System or all confidentiality impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 4 Jun 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
FreeFloat FTP Server	Affected =1.0	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Given the absence of an official patch at this time, European organizations should implement several specific mitigation steps: 1) Immediately identify and inventory all instances of FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 within their networks. 2) Where possible, disable or restrict access to the FTP service, especially from untrusted networks or the internet, using network segmentation and firewall rules. 3) Implement intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics to detect anomalous SET command usage or buffer overflow attempts targeting FTP servers. 4) Consider deploying application-layer gateways or FTP proxies that can filter and sanitize FTP commands. 5) If continued use of FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 is necessary, monitor logs closely for unusual activity related to the SET command. 6) Plan and prioritize upgrading to a newer, supported FTP server version or alternative secure file transfer solutions that do not exhibit this vulnerability. 7) Employ network-level rate limiting to reduce the risk of automated exploitation. 8) Maintain up-to-date backups of critical data to enable recovery in case of compromise. These measures go beyond generic advice by focusing on specific controls tailored to the vulnerability's characteristics and the FTP service's role.

Description

A vulnerability has been found in FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 and classified as critical. This vulnerability affects unknown code of the component SET Command Handler. The manipulation leads to buffer overflow. The attack can be initiated remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used.

Impact

For European organizations, the impact of CVE-2025-5594 depends largely on the deployment of FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 within their infrastructure. FTP servers often handle file transfers, including sensitive or operational data. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized access, data corruption, or service disruption. Although the CVSS score suggests medium severity, successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code remotely, potentially leading to full system compromise. This is particularly concerning for organizations relying on FTP servers for critical file exchange, such as manufacturing, logistics, or financial sectors. Additionally, compromised FTP servers could serve as footholds for lateral movement within networks or as platforms for launching further attacks. European organizations with legacy systems or insufficient patch management may be more vulnerable. The lack of authentication and user interaction requirements increases the risk of automated scanning and exploitation attempts, emphasizing the need for prompt mitigation.

Summary

CVE-2025-5594 is a buffer overflow vulnerability identified in FreeFloat FTP Server version 1.0, specifically within the SET Command Handler component. Buffer overflow vulnerabilities occur when a program writes more data to a buffer than it can hold, potentially overwriting adjacent memory. This can lead to arbitrary code execution, crashes, or other unpredictable behavior. In this case, the vulnerability can be triggered remotely without any authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). The attacker can send a specially crafted SET command to the FTP server, causing the buffer overflow. Although the exact code details are unspecified, the vulnerability's classification as a buffer overflow suggests that an attacker could potentially execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service. The CVSS score is 6.9, categorized as medium severity, reflecting the ease of exploitation (no authentication or user interaction required) but limited impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability (all rated low). No known exploits are currently reported in the wild, and no patches have been linked yet. Given the nature of FTP servers as network-facing services, this vulnerability poses a risk of remote compromise if the affected version is deployed in production environments.

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 6 Jul 2025, 09:24 UTC

Technical details

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