CVE-2025-55948 stems from a fundamental design flaw in the yzcheng90 X-SpringBoot 6.0 framework's implementation of role-based access control (RBAC). The system relies on two separate components for enforcing permissions: the frontend menu system, which controls UI element visibility, and the backend permission tables, which govern API-level access. The vulnerability arises because these two components are not atomically synchronized. When frontend menu permissions are updated—such as revoking a user's privileges—the changes are not immediately or reliably propagated to the backend permission tables. As a result, while the user interface correctly hides restricted functions, the backend still honors stale permissions. This desynchronization allows attackers to bypass frontend restrictions by directly invoking backend APIs using tools like Postman. Attackers can exploit this to perform unauthorized privileged operations, including creating high-permission user accounts, accessing sensitive data beyond their clearance, and executing administrative commands. The vulnerability requires no authentication or user interaction, making it easier to exploit remotely. The CVSS 3.1 base score of 7.3 reflects the network attack vector, low attack complexity, no privileges required, and no user interaction needed, with impacts on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Although no public exploits have been reported yet, the flaw represents a critical risk to any system relying on this RBAC implementation. The underlying weakness corresponds to CWE-266 (Incorrect Privilege Assignment). No patches have been linked yet, so mitigation depends on architectural changes or compensating controls.

For European organizations, this vulnerability poses a significant risk to the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of critical systems that use the vulnerable X-SpringBoot 6.0 framework or its derivatives. Attackers can escalate privileges without authentication, potentially gaining administrative control over applications, accessing sensitive personal or corporate data, and disrupting services. This can lead to data breaches, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR violations), financial losses, and reputational damage. The ability to create high-permission accounts or execute admin commands could facilitate further lateral movement within networks, increasing the scope of compromise. Sectors with high reliance on web applications for sensitive operations—such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure—are particularly vulnerable. The lack of real-time synchronization between frontend and backend permissions undermines trust in access controls, making it easier for attackers to exploit the system stealthily. Given the network-based attack vector and no requirement for user interaction, the threat is scalable and can be automated, increasing potential impact across multiple organizations.

European organizations should immediately audit their use of yzcheng90 X-SpringBoot 6.0 or any dependent systems to identify exposure. Since no official patches are currently available, organizations must implement compensating controls: 1) Enforce backend permission checks independently of frontend UI states, ensuring backend authorization is the sole source of truth. 2) Implement atomic synchronization mechanisms or transactional updates between frontend menu permissions and backend permission tables to prevent desynchronization. 3) Introduce rigorous API gateway or WAF rules to detect and block unauthorized API calls that bypass the UI. 4) Conduct thorough penetration testing focusing on direct API access to identify privilege escalation paths. 5) Monitor logs for anomalous API usage patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. 6) Restrict API access to trusted networks or require strong authentication and authorization mechanisms. 7) Educate developers about the risks of relying on frontend controls for security decisions. 8) Prepare incident response plans to quickly contain and remediate any detected exploitation. Once vendor patches become available, prioritize their deployment. Additionally, consider application-layer encryption and data access monitoring to limit damage in case of compromise.