CVE-2025-5595 is a buffer overflow vulnerability identified in FreeFloat FTP Server version 1.0, specifically within the PROGRESS Command Handler component. This vulnerability arises due to improper handling of input data in the processing of the PROGRESS command, which allows an attacker to send specially crafted requests that overflow a buffer in the server's memory. The overflow can corrupt adjacent memory, potentially enabling remote code execution or causing the server to crash, leading to denial of service. The vulnerability is remotely exploitable without requiring authentication or user interaction, as indicated by the CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N). The CVSS score of 6.9 categorizes this as a medium severity issue, reflecting the potential for partial confidentiality, integrity, and availability impacts, but with some limitations in exploitability or impact scope. No public exploits are currently known to be in the wild, but the vulnerability details have been disclosed publicly, increasing the risk of future exploitation. The FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0 is an older FTP server product, and the lack of available patches or updates at the time of disclosure suggests that affected organizations may need to consider alternative mitigation strategies or replacement of the software. Given the nature of FTP servers as network-facing services, this vulnerability poses a significant risk if the server is exposed to untrusted networks.

For European organizations, the exploitation of CVE-2025-5595 could lead to unauthorized remote code execution or denial of service on systems running FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0. This could compromise sensitive data transferred via FTP or disrupt critical file transfer operations, impacting business continuity. Organizations relying on legacy FTP infrastructure for internal or external file exchanges are particularly at risk. The confidentiality impact includes potential data leakage if an attacker gains control over the server. Integrity could be compromised if attackers modify files or commands processed by the server. Availability impact arises from potential crashes or service interruptions caused by the buffer overflow. Given the medium severity rating and the lack of authentication requirements, attackers can exploit this vulnerability from anywhere on the network, increasing the threat surface. European entities in sectors such as manufacturing, logistics, or government that use FTP servers for operational data exchange may face operational disruptions or data breaches. Additionally, regulatory compliance risks exist if personal or sensitive data is exposed due to exploitation, potentially triggering GDPR-related penalties.

Since no official patches or updates are currently available for FreeFloat FTP Server 1.0, European organizations should implement the following specific mitigations: 1) Immediately isolate or restrict network access to the FreeFloat FTP Server, limiting connections to trusted internal IP addresses and blocking access from untrusted or public networks via firewall rules or network segmentation. 2) Disable or restrict the use of the PROGRESS command if configurable, or disable FTP services if feasible until a patch or replacement is implemented. 3) Monitor network traffic and server logs for anomalous PROGRESS command usage or unusual FTP activity that could indicate exploitation attempts. 4) Consider migrating to a modern, actively maintained FTP server solution that receives regular security updates and supports secure protocols such as FTPS or SFTP to reduce exposure. 5) Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with signatures or heuristics targeting buffer overflow attempts against FTP servers. 6) Conduct regular vulnerability scans and penetration tests to identify any residual exposure. 7) Develop and test incident response plans specific to FTP server compromise scenarios to minimize impact if exploitation occurs.