VulnerabilityPublished 4 Jun 2025

CVE-2025-5598: WF Steuerungstechnik airleader MASTER · Path Traversal

Affects WF Steuerungstechnik airleader MASTERSource CVE Database V5

Not known to be exploited · CVSS 9.2 Critical.

Data as of 26 Oct 2026, 10:12 UTC

CVSS 4.0 base score

9.2Critical

How severe the flaw is on the 0–10 CVSS scale.

EPSS: 0.4% chance of exploitation in 30 days – higher than 40% of CVEsExploit Prediction Scoring System: the likelihood attackers will use this flaw soon.

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N

Attack Vector: Network
Attack Complexity: Low
Attack Requirements: None
Privileges Required: None
User Interaction: None
Vulnerable system confidentiality: High
Vulnerable system integrity: None
Vulnerable system availability: None
Subsequent system confidentiality: High
Subsequent system integrity: None
Subsequent system availability: None

Bold values are the worst case: easiest to exploit or largest impact.

Attack Vector: Network: The vulnerable system is bound to the network stack and the set of possible attackers extends beyond the other options listed below, up to and including the entire Internet. Such a vulnerability is often termed “remotely exploitable” and can be thought of as an attack being exploitable at the protocol level one or more network hops away (e.g., across one or more routers).
Attack Complexity: Low: The attacker must take no measurable action to exploit the vulnerability. The attack requires no target-specific circumvention to exploit the vulnerability. An attacker can expect repeatable success against the vulnerable system.
Attack Requirements: None: The successful attack does not depend on the deployment and execution conditions of the vulnerable system. The attacker can expect to be able to reach the vulnerability and execute the exploit under all or most instances of the vulnerability.
Privileges Required: None: The attacker is unauthorized prior to attack, and therefore does not require any access to settings or files of the vulnerable system to carry out an attack.
User Interaction: None: The vulnerable system can be exploited without interaction from any human user, other than the attacker.
Vulnerable system confidentiality: High: There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all information within the Vulnerable System being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server.
Vulnerable system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Vulnerable System.
Vulnerable system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system confidentiality: High: There is a total loss of confidentiality, resulting in all resources within the Subsequent System being divulged to the attacker. Alternatively, access to only some restricted information is obtained, but the disclosed information presents a direct, serious impact. For example, an attacker steals the administrator's password, or private encryption keys of a web server.
Subsequent system integrity: None: There is no loss of integrity within the Subsequent System or all integrity impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.
Subsequent system availability: None: There is no impact to availability within the Subsequent System or all availability impact is constrained to the Vulnerable System.

Definitions: FIRST CVSS v4.0 specification.

Exploitation evidence

Disclosed: evidence found.
CVE published 4 Jun 2025
Detectable: no evidence on record.
No public nuclei template indexed
Weaponised: no evidence on record.
No public exploit code indexed in Metasploit or Exploit-DB
Exploited in the wildExploited: no evidence on record.
Not in CISA KEV and no source reports exploitation
Observed by OffSeq MirageSeen by Mirage: no evidence on record.
No attack traffic recorded by OffSeq Mirage sensors

A missing step is not evidence of safety. Sources: cve.org (opens in a new tab), the Metasploit, Exploit-DB and nuclei-templates index as of 26 Oct 2026.

Disclosed: The CVE record is public on cve.org. Its publication is t = 0.
Detectable: A public nuclei template can find exposed instances, for defenders and attackers alike.
Weaponised: Public exploit code exists in Metasploit or Exploit-DB, or CISA SSVC or the CVSS exploit maturity reports a public proof of concept.
Exploited in the wild: CISA KEV lists it, CISA SSVC rates exploitation active, or a source reports attacks.
Observed by OffSeq Mirage: OffSeq Mirage honeypot sensors recorded attack traffic for this CVE, or found exposed hosts without attack traffic.

Moments are spaced evenly, not to scale; a dashed line marks a gap of six months or more. Deltas count from t = 0. Sources that give only a date (CISA KEV, Exploit-DB, or a time of exactly 00:00Z) read “same day” rather than hours. Metasploit modules carry the flaw’s disclosure date, not their release date, and nuclei templates carry no date, so both appear above but not on the timeline.

What to do

Affected software

Product	Affected	Fixed in
WF Steuerungstechnik GmbH airleader MASTER	Affected =3.0046	Fixed in–

AI-suggested

Immediate network-level controls: Restrict external access to airleader MASTER systems by implementing strict firewall rules and network segmentation to isolate these devices from untrusted networks, including the internet.
Access control hardening: Enforce strict access policies limiting who can connect to the airleader MASTER system interfaces, preferably allowing only trusted internal IPs or VPN connections.
Input validation monitoring: Deploy intrusion detection or prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with custom rules to detect and block suspicious path traversal patterns targeting the airleader MASTER.
Vendor engagement: Maintain close communication with WF Steuerungstechnik GmbH for timely release and deployment of official patches or firmware updates addressing CVE-2025-5598.
Incident readiness: Prepare incident response plans specific to industrial control system breaches, including monitoring for unusual file access or data exfiltration attempts.
System inventory and version control: Identify all instances of airleader MASTER 3.0046 within the organization and prioritize them for mitigation efforts.
Logging and auditing: Enable comprehensive logging on affected systems to detect potential exploitation attempts and support forensic analysis if needed.

Description

Path Traversal vulnerability in WF Steuerungstechnik GmbH airleader MASTER allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.This issue affects airleader MASTER: 3.0046.

Impact

For European organizations, especially those in industrial automation, manufacturing, or facilities management sectors that deploy WF Steuerungstechnik GmbH's airleader MASTER version 3.0046, this vulnerability poses a significant risk. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized disclosure of sensitive embedded data, potentially including configuration files, credentials, or operational parameters. This could facilitate further attacks such as system manipulation, espionage, or disruption of critical infrastructure. Given the critical nature of industrial control systems in Europe’s manufacturing and energy sectors, exploitation could have cascading effects on operational continuity and safety. The fact that no authentication or user interaction is required increases the risk of automated or remote exploitation, potentially by threat actors targeting European industrial assets. Confidentiality breaches could also have regulatory implications under GDPR if personal or sensitive data is exposed. The absence of known exploits currently provides a window for proactive defense, but the critical CVSS score underscores the urgency of addressing this vulnerability.

CWE-35Path Traversal: '.../...//' (opens in a new tab)
Variant weaknessOWASP Top 10 A01:2021: Broken Access Control (opens in a new tab)
The product uses external input to construct a pathname that should be within a restricted directory, but it does not properly neutralize '.../...//' (doubled triple dot slash) sequences that can resolve to a location that is outside of that directory.
Implementation · Input Validation
Assume all input is malicious. Use an "accept known good" input validation strategy, i.e., use a list of acceptable inputs that strictly conform to specifications. Reject any input that does not strictly conform to specifications, or transform it into something that does.
Implementation · Input Validation
Inputs should be decoded and canonicalized to the application's current internal representation before being validated (CWE-180). Make sure that the application does not decode the same input twice (CWE-174).
OWASP ASVS 4.0.3
V12.3.1 (opens in a new tab)
From MITRE CWE, MITRE CAPEC and OWASP (Top 10, OpenCRE).

References

github.com/migros/migros-security-advisories/blob/main/advisories/msec-2025-004_wf-seuerungstechnik-gmbh_airleader-master_path-traversal.md (opens in a new tab)

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Exploitation evidence

What to do

Affected software

Description

AI analysisMachine-generated, updated 6 Jul 2025, 00:41 UTC

WeaknessesCWE-35

Technical details

References

Community reviews

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