CVE-2025-56083 is an OS Command Injection vulnerability identified in the Ruijie X30-PRO router firmware version X30-PRO-V1_09241521. The flaw exists in the handling of POST requests to the module_set function within the Lua script located at /usr/local/lua/dev_sta/nbr_networkId_merge.lua. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious POST request that injects arbitrary operating system commands, which the device executes with the privileges of the affected service. This type of vulnerability is critical because it allows remote attackers to bypass authentication and execute commands on the underlying operating system, potentially leading to full device compromise. The vulnerability was reserved in August 2025 and published in December 2025, but no CVSS score or patches have been released yet, and no known exploits are publicly available. The lack of authentication requirement and the ability to execute arbitrary commands make this a significant threat. Ruijie Networks is a known vendor providing networking equipment, including routers and switches, often used in enterprise and service provider environments. The vulnerability could be leveraged to disrupt network operations, exfiltrate sensitive data, or pivot to internal networks. The technical details indicate the issue stems from insufficient input validation or sanitization in the Lua script handling network ID merging functionality, which is a critical component for network management on the device.

For European organizations, this vulnerability could have severe consequences, especially for enterprises and service providers using Ruijie X30-PRO routers. Successful exploitation can lead to unauthorized remote code execution, enabling attackers to take full control of the device. This compromises the confidentiality of network traffic and data, the integrity of network configurations, and the availability of network services. Attackers could disrupt critical communications, intercept sensitive information, or use the compromised device as a foothold for further attacks within the network. Given the role of routers in network infrastructure, the impact extends beyond a single device to potentially affect entire organizational networks. The absence of authentication requirements increases the attack surface, allowing exploitation from external networks if the device is exposed. This is particularly concerning for sectors with high security requirements such as finance, healthcare, government, and critical infrastructure in Europe. The lack of public exploits and patches means organizations must act proactively to mitigate risk. The threat could also affect managed service providers and telecom operators using Ruijie equipment, amplifying the potential impact across multiple customers and industries.

Until an official patch is released by Ruijie Networks, European organizations should implement several specific mitigations: 1) Restrict access to the management interfaces of Ruijie X30-PRO devices by enforcing strict firewall rules and network segmentation to limit exposure to trusted internal networks only. 2) Monitor network traffic for unusual POST requests targeting the module_set endpoint or abnormal command execution patterns indicative of exploitation attempts. 3) Employ intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with custom signatures to detect and block attempts to exploit this vulnerability. 4) Disable or restrict unnecessary services and interfaces on the affected devices to reduce the attack surface. 5) Conduct regular audits of device configurations and logs to identify signs of compromise early. 6) Engage with Ruijie support channels to obtain updates on patches or workarounds and apply them promptly once available. 7) Consider temporary replacement or isolation of vulnerable devices in critical environments if risk tolerance is low. 8) Educate network administrators about the vulnerability and encourage vigilance regarding suspicious activity. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on network-level controls, monitoring, and vendor engagement specific to the Ruijie X30-PRO environment.