CVE-2025-56099 is an operating system command injection vulnerability identified in Ruijie RG-YST AP_3.0(1)B11P280YST250F wireless access points. The flaw exists in the pwdmodify function located within the Lua script /usr/lib/lua/luci/modules/common.lua, which handles password modification requests. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted HTTP POST request to the pwdmodify endpoint, injecting arbitrary OS commands that the device executes with the privileges of the affected service. This type of vulnerability typically arises from insufficient input validation or improper sanitization of user-supplied data before passing it to system-level commands. The vulnerability does not require authentication, which significantly lowers the barrier to exploitation and increases the attack surface. While no public exploits have been reported yet, the potential for attackers to gain control over network devices is high, enabling them to manipulate device configurations, intercept or redirect network traffic, or launch further attacks within the network. The Ruijie RG-YST series is commonly deployed in enterprise and service provider environments, making this vulnerability particularly concerning for organizations relying on these devices for critical network infrastructure. The absence of a CVSS score means severity must be assessed based on the nature of the vulnerability, its exploitability, and the impact on affected systems. Given the ability to execute arbitrary commands remotely without authentication, the threat is severe and warrants immediate attention from network administrators and security teams.

The impact of CVE-2025-56099 on European organizations could be substantial, particularly for those using Ruijie RG-YST access points in enterprise, government, or telecommunications networks. Successful exploitation allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands on the device, potentially leading to full device compromise. This can result in unauthorized access to sensitive network segments, interception or manipulation of data, disruption of wireless services, and the establishment of persistent footholds for further attacks. The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of network communications could be severely affected. Additionally, compromised access points could serve as pivot points for lateral movement within corporate or critical infrastructure networks. Given the increasing reliance on wireless connectivity and the strategic importance of network infrastructure, the vulnerability poses a significant risk to operational continuity and data protection compliance under regulations such as GDPR. The lack of authentication requirement and ease of exploitation increase the likelihood of attacks, especially in environments where management interfaces are exposed or insufficiently protected.

To mitigate CVE-2025-56099, organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Immediately restrict access to the management interfaces of Ruijie RG-YST devices by applying network segmentation and firewall rules to limit exposure to trusted administrative networks only. 2) Monitor network traffic for anomalous POST requests targeting the pwdmodify endpoint, using intrusion detection systems or custom signatures to detect potential exploitation attempts. 3) Disable or restrict remote management features if not required, reducing the attack surface. 4) Engage with Ruijie support or vendors to obtain patches or firmware updates addressing this vulnerability as soon as they become available. 5) Conduct thorough audits of device configurations and logs to identify any signs of compromise. 6) Implement multi-factor authentication and strong password policies for device management to reduce risk if authentication is required in other contexts. 7) Educate network administrators on the risks of command injection vulnerabilities and the importance of timely patching and secure configuration. These steps go beyond generic advice by focusing on access control, monitoring, and vendor engagement specific to the affected devices and vulnerability vector.