CVE-2025-56108 is an OS command injection vulnerability identified in the Ruijie X30-PRO router firmware version X30-PRO-V1_09241521. The vulnerability resides in the pwdmodify function located in the Lua script /usr/lib/lua/luci/modules/common.lua, which handles password modification requests. An attacker can exploit this vulnerability by crafting a malicious POST request targeting the pwdmodify endpoint, injecting arbitrary OS commands that the device executes with the privileges of the web server process. This flaw enables remote code execution without requiring authentication or user interaction, assuming the attacker has network access to the device's management interface. The absence of a CVSS score indicates that the vulnerability is newly published and not yet fully assessed. No patches or known exploits are currently documented, but the potential for exploitation is high given the nature of command injection vulnerabilities. The Ruijie X30-PRO is a network device commonly used in enterprise and service provider environments, making this vulnerability critical for network security. Attackers exploiting this flaw could gain control over the device, manipulate network traffic, exfiltrate sensitive data, or disrupt network availability.

For European organizations, exploitation of CVE-2025-56108 could lead to severe consequences including unauthorized access to network infrastructure, interception or manipulation of sensitive communications, and potential lateral movement within corporate networks. Compromise of routers can undermine network integrity and availability, causing operational disruptions. Given the critical role of routers in enterprise and service provider environments, this vulnerability could facilitate espionage, data breaches, or denial of service attacks. The impact is particularly significant for sectors such as finance, government, telecommunications, and critical infrastructure, where network reliability and confidentiality are paramount. Additionally, the lack of authentication requirements for exploitation increases the risk of attacks originating from within or outside organizational perimeters. European organizations relying on Ruijie devices without adequate network segmentation or monitoring are at heightened risk.

To mitigate CVE-2025-56108, organizations should immediately restrict access to the Ruijie X30-PRO management interfaces by implementing network segmentation and firewall rules limiting access to trusted hosts only. Monitoring network traffic for unusual POST requests targeting the pwdmodify endpoint can help detect exploitation attempts. Administrators should disable remote management interfaces if not required and enforce strong authentication mechanisms where possible. It is critical to stay alert for official patches or firmware updates from Ruijie and apply them promptly once released. In the interim, consider deploying intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS) with custom signatures to identify and block command injection attempts. Regularly audit device configurations and logs for signs of compromise. Additionally, educating network administrators about this vulnerability and ensuring incident response plans include scenarios involving router compromise will enhance preparedness.