CVE-2025-56114 is an OS command injection vulnerability identified in Ruijie M18 network devices running firmware version EW_3.0(1)B11P226_M18_10223116. The vulnerability resides in the handling of POST requests to the module_set function within the /usr/local/lua/dev_config/config_retain.lua script. Specifically, the device fails to properly sanitize user-supplied input, allowing an attacker to inject arbitrary operating system commands. This flaw enables remote attackers to execute commands with the privileges of the affected process, potentially leading to full device compromise. The vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction, increasing its exploitation potential. Although no CVSS score has been assigned and no public exploits are currently known, the nature of OS command injection vulnerabilities typically results in severe impacts including unauthorized access, data exfiltration, and disruption of network services. The Ruijie M18 is commonly deployed in enterprise and telecommunications environments, making this vulnerability particularly concerning for critical infrastructure. The absence of available patches or mitigations at the time of disclosure necessitates immediate defensive measures to reduce exposure. Monitoring network traffic for anomalous POST requests and isolating vulnerable devices from untrusted networks are essential interim steps. Organizations should maintain close communication with Ruijie for firmware updates and advisories to remediate this issue promptly.

The impact of CVE-2025-56114 on European organizations could be substantial, especially for those relying on Ruijie M18 devices in their network infrastructure. Exploitation could lead to unauthorized remote code execution, resulting in full compromise of the affected device. This may enable attackers to disrupt network operations, intercept or manipulate sensitive communications, and use the compromised device as a foothold for lateral movement within corporate or service provider networks. Critical sectors such as telecommunications, government, finance, and large enterprises that deploy Ruijie M18 devices for network management or connectivity are at heightened risk. The vulnerability could undermine confidentiality, integrity, and availability of network services, potentially causing operational downtime and data breaches. Given the lack of authentication requirements, attackers can exploit this vulnerability remotely without prior access, increasing the threat landscape. The absence of patches at disclosure further exacerbates risk, necessitating urgent mitigation to prevent exploitation. European organizations should consider the strategic importance of affected devices and the potential cascading effects of network compromise when assessing their risk posture.

To mitigate CVE-2025-56114, European organizations should implement the following specific measures: 1) Immediately restrict access to the management interfaces of Ruijie M18 devices by applying strict firewall rules and network segmentation, limiting exposure to trusted administrative networks only. 2) Monitor network traffic for unusual POST requests targeting the module_set endpoint or suspicious command injection patterns, using intrusion detection systems or custom network monitoring rules. 3) Disable or restrict any unnecessary services or interfaces on the affected devices to reduce the attack surface. 4) Engage with Ruijie Networks to obtain any available patches, firmware updates, or official workarounds as soon as they are released. 5) Conduct thorough audits of device configurations and logs to detect any signs of compromise or attempted exploitation. 6) Implement multi-factor authentication and strong access controls for device management where possible to reduce risk of unauthorized access. 7) Prepare incident response plans specific to network device compromise to enable rapid containment and remediation. 8) Consider temporary replacement or isolation of vulnerable devices in critical network segments until a secure firmware version is deployed. These targeted actions go beyond generic advice by focusing on the specific attack vector and device context.