CVE-2025-56130 is an OS command injection vulnerability identified in the Ruijie RG-S1930 series network switches, specifically in the software version S1930SWITCH_3.0(1)B11P230. The vulnerability resides in the module_update functionality implemented in the /usr/local/lua/dev_config/ace_sw.lua file. An attacker with low privileges can craft a malicious POST request to this endpoint, which fails to properly sanitize input parameters, allowing arbitrary system commands to be executed on the underlying operating system. This type of vulnerability is classified under CWE-78 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command). The CVSS v3.1 score of 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) reflects that the attack can be performed remotely over the network with low attack complexity, requiring only low privileges and no user interaction, and can lead to full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the device. Although no public exploits have been reported yet, the nature of the vulnerability makes it a critical risk for network infrastructure. The Ruijie RG-S1930 switches are commonly deployed in enterprise and service provider networks, making this vulnerability a significant threat vector for lateral movement, data exfiltration, or denial of service attacks if exploited.

For European organizations, exploitation of CVE-2025-56130 could result in severe consequences including unauthorized access to network devices, interception or manipulation of network traffic, disruption of network services, and potential lateral movement within corporate networks. Given that network switches are foundational to enterprise network infrastructure, a compromised device could undermine the security of entire network segments. Critical sectors such as finance, telecommunications, energy, and government institutions in Europe could face operational disruptions and data breaches. The ability to execute arbitrary commands remotely without user interaction increases the likelihood of automated exploitation attempts once details become public. This could lead to widespread attacks targeting European entities relying on Ruijie RG-S1930 switches, potentially impacting national critical infrastructure and large enterprises.

1. Immediately identify and inventory all Ruijie RG-S1930 switches within the network environment. 2. Apply any available vendor patches or firmware updates addressing this vulnerability as soon as they are released. 3. If patches are not yet available, restrict access to the management interfaces of affected devices using network segmentation and firewall rules, limiting access to trusted administrators only. 4. Implement strict authentication and authorization controls to ensure only privileged users can access device management functions. 5. Monitor network traffic for unusual POST requests targeting the /usr/local/lua/dev_config/ace_sw.lua module_update endpoint, using intrusion detection/prevention systems with custom signatures. 6. Employ network anomaly detection to identify potential exploitation attempts. 7. Regularly audit device configurations and logs for signs of compromise. 8. Educate network administrators about the vulnerability and recommended response actions. 9. Consider deploying network access control (NAC) to prevent unauthorized devices from connecting to critical network segments.