CVE-2025-56132 is a vulnerability affecting the LiquidFiles file transfer server, specifically in its password reset functionality. The issue is a user enumeration vulnerability where the application returns different responses depending on whether an email address is registered or not. This allows unauthenticated attackers to determine valid user accounts by analyzing the response behavior. In versions prior to 4.2, the only protection against brute-force or enumeration attempts is IP-based rate limiting, which can be easily circumvented by attackers using multiple IP addresses or proxy rotation. Version 4.2 introduces user-based lockout mechanisms to mitigate brute-force attacks; however, user enumeration remains possible by default. The vulnerability does not require authentication or user interaction, making it easier for attackers to exploit. Successful exploitation enables attackers to compile lists of valid email addresses registered on the system, which can then be used for targeted follow-up attacks such as password spraying or phishing campaigns. Although no known exploits are currently reported in the wild, the vulnerability poses a significant risk due to the sensitive nature of file transfer servers and the potential for lateral movement or data exfiltration following account compromise.

For European organizations, this vulnerability could lead to increased risk of credential-based attacks, including password spraying and phishing, which may result in unauthorized access to sensitive files and data. LiquidFiles is commonly used in industries requiring secure file transfers, such as legal, financial, healthcare, and government sectors. Compromise of user accounts could lead to data breaches, regulatory non-compliance (e.g., GDPR violations), and reputational damage. The ability to enumerate valid users also aids attackers in crafting more convincing social engineering attacks. Given the critical nature of file transfer services in business operations, exploitation could disrupt workflows and lead to operational downtime. Additionally, organizations with weaker perimeter defenses or lacking multi-factor authentication are at greater risk of successful exploitation and subsequent data compromise.

Organizations should upgrade LiquidFiles to version 4.2 or later, which introduces user-based lockout mechanisms to reduce brute-force attack effectiveness. Administrators should enable and configure these lockout features to enforce account lockouts after a defined number of failed attempts. Implementing multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all user accounts will significantly reduce the risk of unauthorized access even if valid usernames are enumerated. Monitoring and alerting on unusual password reset requests or login attempts from multiple IP addresses can help detect enumeration attempts early. Network-level controls such as web application firewalls (WAFs) can be configured to detect and block suspicious patterns indicative of enumeration or brute-force attacks. Additionally, organizations should review and harden their password policies to prevent weak or reused passwords. Finally, educating users about phishing risks and suspicious communications can reduce the impact of follow-up social engineering attacks.